1.0 2016-09-30 22:26:50 UTC 2020-06-04 20:49:03 UTC BMDB0000214 BMDB00214 Ornithine Ornithine, also known as (S)-ornithine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Ornithine is a drug which is used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. it has been claimed that ornithine improves athletic performance, has anabolic effects, has wound-healing effects, and is immuno-enhancing. Ornithine exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa) molecule. Ornithine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Ornithine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions, within cattle. In particular, Carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine can be converted into citrulline; which is mediated by the enzyme ornithine carbamoyltransferase, mitochondrial. In addition, Ornithine and urea can be biosynthesized from L-arginine; which is mediated by the enzyme arginase-1. In cattle, ornithine is involved in the metabolic pathway called the urea cycle pathway. Ornithine is a potentially toxic compound. (S)-2,5-Diaminopentanoate (S)-2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid (S)-2,5-Diaminovaleric acid (S)-alpha,delta-Diaminovaleric acid (S)-Ornithine (S)-2,5-Diaminovalerate (S)-a,delta-Diaminovalerate (S)-a,delta-Diaminovaleric acid (S)-alpha,delta-Diaminovalerate (S)-Α,δ-diaminovalerate (S)-Α,δ-diaminovaleric acid (S)-a,Δ-diaminovalerate (S)-a,Δ-diaminovaleric acid (+)-S-Ornithine (S)-a,D-Diaminovalerate (S)-a,D-Diaminovaleric acid 5-Amino-L-norvaline L-(-)-Ornithine L-Ornithine 2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid Ornithine dihydrochloride, (L)-isomer Ornithine hydrochloride, (D)-isomer Ornithine, (D)-isomer Ornithine, (L)-isomer 2,5 Diaminopentanoic acid Ornithine monoacetate, (L)-isomer Ornithine monohydrochloride, (D)-isomer Ornithine monohydrochloride, (DL)-isomer Ornithine phosphate (1:1), (L)-isomer Ornithine sulfate (1:1), (L)-isomer Ornithine hydrochloride, (DL)-isomer Ornithine hydrochloride, (L)-isomer Ornithine monohydrobromide, (L)-isomer Ornithine, (DL)-isomer C5H12N2O2 132.161 132.089877638 (2S)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid ornithine 3184-13-2 NCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C5H12N2O2/c6-3-1-2-4(7)5(8)9/h4H,1-3,6-7H2,(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1 AHLPHDHHMVZTML-BYPYZUCNSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Organic compounds Organic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids and derivatives Amino acids, peptides, and analogues L-alpha-amino acids Amino acids Carbonyl compounds Carboxylic acids Fatty acids and conjugates Hydrocarbon derivatives Monoalkylamines Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Organic oxides Organopnictogen compounds Aliphatic acyclic compound Amine Amino acid Carbonyl group Carboxylic acid Fatty acid Hydrocarbon derivative L-alpha-amino acid Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Primary aliphatic amine Primary amine Aliphatic acyclic compounds Other amino acids non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid ornithine Solid melting_point 140 °C water_solubility 620 mg/mL logp -4.22 SANGSTER (1994) logp -3.64 ALOGPS logs 0.11 ALOGPS logp -3.7 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 2.67 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 10.29 ChemAxon iupac (2S)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid ChemAxon average_mass 132.161 ChemAxon mono_mass 132.089877638 ChemAxon smiles NCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O ChemAxon formula C5H12N2O2 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C5H12N2O2/c6-3-1-2-4(7)5(8)9/h4H,1-3,6-7H2,(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1 ChemAxon inchikey AHLPHDHHMVZTML-BYPYZUCNSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 89.34 ChemAxon refractivity 33.21 ChemAxon polarizability 13.85 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 4 ChemAxon acceptor_count 4 ChemAxon donor_count 3 ChemAxon physiological_charge 1 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon number_of_rings 0 ChemAxon bioavailability 1 ChemAxon rule_of_five Yes ChemAxon ghose_filter Yes ChemAxon veber_rule Yes ChemAxon mddr_like_rule Yes ChemAxon Arginine and Proline Metabolism SMP0087178 Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis SMP0087213 Urea Cycle SMP0087224 Specdb::CMs 472 Specdb::CMs 473 Specdb::CMs 474 Specdb::CMs 1291 Specdb::CMs 1415 Specdb::CMs 1484 Specdb::CMs 1750 Specdb::CMs 2994 Specdb::CMs 30085 Specdb::CMs 30379 Specdb::CMs 30606 Specdb::CMs 30798 Specdb::CMs 31079 Specdb::CMs 31080 Specdb::CMs 31081 Specdb::CMs 31082 Specdb::CMs 31791 Specdb::CMs 32270 Specdb::CMs 32271 Specdb::CMs 32273 Specdb::CMs 37363 Specdb::CMs 130647 Specdb::CMs 138381 Specdb::CMs 1054761 Specdb::CMs 1054763 Specdb::NmrTwoD 996 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1212 Specdb::MsMs 349 Specdb::MsMs 350 Specdb::MsMs 351 Specdb::MsMs 3635 Specdb::MsMs 3636 Specdb::MsMs 3637 Specdb::MsMs 3638 Specdb::MsMs 3639 Specdb::MsMs 3640 Specdb::MsMs 3641 Specdb::MsMs 3642 Specdb::MsMs 3643 Specdb::MsMs 3644 Specdb::MsMs 3645 Specdb::MsMs 3646 Specdb::MsMs 3647 Specdb::MsMs 3648 Specdb::MsMs 3649 Specdb::MsMs 3650 Specdb::MsMs 3651 Specdb::MsMs 3652 Specdb::MsMs 3653 Specdb::MsMs 179271 Specdb::MsMs 179272 Specdb::MsMs 179273 Specdb::MsIr 305 Specdb::MsIr 306 Specdb::MsIr 307 Specdb::NmrOneD 1206 Specdb::NmrOneD 1207 Specdb::NmrOneD 4859 Specdb::NmrOneD 6152 Specdb::NmrOneD 6153 Specdb::NmrOneD 6154 Specdb::NmrOneD 6155 Specdb::NmrOneD 6156 Specdb::NmrOneD 6157 Specdb::NmrOneD 6158 Specdb::NmrOneD 6159 Specdb::NmrOneD 6160 Specdb::NmrOneD 6161 Specdb::NmrOneD 6162 Specdb::NmrOneD 6163 Specdb::NmrOneD 6164 Specdb::NmrOneD 6165 Specdb::NmrOneD 6166 Specdb::NmrOneD 6167 Specdb::NmrOneD 6168 Specdb::NmrOneD 6169 Specdb::NmrOneD 6170 Specdb::NmrOneD 6171 Specdb::NmrOneD 166442 Blood 61 +/- 13 uM By LC-MS/MS & NMR Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Blood Detected by NMR De Buck J, Shaykhutdinov R, Barkema HW, Vogel HJ: Metabolomic profiling in cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 5;9(11):e111872. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111872. eCollection 2014. 25372282 Blood 80-98 uM Ion exchange chromatography with fluorometric detection Greenwood RH, Titgemeyer EC, Stokka GL, Drouillard JS, Loest CA: Effects of L-carnitine on nitrogen retention and blood metabolites of growing steers and performance of finishing steers. J Anim Sci. 2001 Jan;79(1):254-60. doi: 10.2527/2001.791254x. 11204708 Blood 55.3 uM Wessels RH, Titgemeyer EC, St Jean G: Effect of amino acid supplementation on whole-body protein turnover in Holstein steers. J Anim Sci. 1997 Nov;75(11):3066-73. 9374324 Blood 62-135 uM Chromatography with spectrophotometric detection Motyl T, Barej W: Plasma amino acid indices and urinary 3-methyl histidine excretion in dairy cows in early lactation. Ann Rech Vet. 1986;17(2):153-7. 3535614 Blood 31-41 uM By LC-MS/MS Sadri H, von Soosten D, Meyer U, Kluess J, Danicke S, Saremi B, Sauerwein H: Plasma amino acids and metabolic profiling of dairy cows in response to a bolus duodenal infusion of leucine. PLoS One. 2017 Apr 28;12(4):e0176647. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176647. eCollection 2017. 28453535 Blood 29-32 uM By HPLC Zhou Z, Vailati-Riboni M, Luchini DN, Loor JJ: Methionine and Choline Supply during the Periparturient Period Alter Plasma Amino Acid and One-Carbon Metabolism Profiles to Various Extents: Potential Role in Hepatic Metabolism and Antioxidant Status. Nutrients. 2016 Dec 29;9(1). pii: nu9010010. doi: 10.3390/nu9010010. 28036059 Blood Detected by DFI-MS/MS (P180) in periparturient Holstein cows. Hailemariam D, Mandal R, Saleem F, Dunn SM, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN: Identification of predictive biomarkers of disease state in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2014 May;97(5):2680-93. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6803. Epub 2014 Mar 13. 24630653 Epidermis Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Intestine Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Liver 270 +/- 63 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS & NMR Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Liver 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Liver 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Liver 984-1184 nmol/g of tissue By HPLC with fluorometric detection Miles ED, McBride BW, Jia Y, Liao SF, Boling JA, Bridges PJ, Matthews JC: Glutamine synthetase and alanine transaminase expression are decreased in livers of aged vs. young beef cows and GS can be upregulated by 17beta-estradiol implants. J Anim Sci. 2015 Sep;93(9):4500-9. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-9294. 26440349 Liver 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Liver 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Liver Metabolomics analysis was performed using GC-MS/LC-MS in multiparous Holstein dairy cows Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ: Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 18;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z. eCollection 2019. 31867104 Longissimus Thoracis Muscle 35 +/- 12 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Mammary Gland 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Mammary Gland 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Mammary Gland 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Mammary Gland 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Milk Milk samples collected from 456 Danish Holstein cows Buitenhuis AJ, Sundekilde UK, Poulsen NA, Bertram HC, Larsen LB, Sorensen P: Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of quantitative trait loci for metabolites in Danish Holstein milk. J Dairy Sci. 2013 May;96(5):3285-95. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5914. Epub 2013 Mar 15. 23497994 Milk 407 Milk samples from Swedish Red cows Sundekilde UK, Gustavsson F, Poulsen NA, Glantz M, Paulsson M, Larsen LB, Bertram HC: Association between the bovine milk metabolome and rennet-induced coagulation properties of milk. J Dairy Sci. 2014 Oct;97(10):6076-84. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8304. Epub 2014 Jul 30. 25087032 Milk 2 - 15 uM Klein MS, Almstetter MF, Schlamberger G, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Meyer HH, Wiedemann S, Gronwald W: Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry-based milk metabolomics in dairy cows during early and late lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2010 Apr;93(4):1539-50. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2563. 20338431 Muscle 80-187 nmol/g of tissue By CE-TOFMS Muroya S, Oe M, Ojima K, Watanabe A: Metabolomic approach to key metabolites characterizing postmortem aged loin muscle of Japanese Black (Wagyu) cattle. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2019 Aug;32(8):1172-1185. doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0648. Epub 2019 Jan 4. 30744349 Prostate Tissue Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Ruminal Fluid 149 +/- 77 uM By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Ruminal Fluid 17 +/- 7 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (15% of diet dry matter). Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 25 +/- 12 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (30% of diet dry matter). Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 38 +/- 13 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (45% of diet dry matter). Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 19 +/- 12 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 19 +/- 12 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Metabolite measured by NMR and DFI-MS/MS. Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 16.4 uM By direct flow injection MS/MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (15% of diet dry matter) (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 25.4 uM By direct flow injection MS/MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (30% of diet dry matter) (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 58.7 uM By direct flow injection MS/MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (45% of diet dry matter) (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 15.9 uM By direct flow injection MS/MS. No barley grains in diet (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 15.96 +/- 14.89 uM Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Semen Analysis was performed using GC-MS in Holstein bulls (n = 16). Compound was authenticated by external standard reference(s). Velho ALC, Menezes E, Dinh T, Kaya A, Topper E, Moura AA, Memili E: Metabolomic markers of fertility in bull seminal plasma. PLoS One. 2018 Apr 10;13(4):e0195279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195279. eCollection 2018. 29634739 Semimembranosus Muscle 40 +/- 10 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Testis 10 +/- 3 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 C00077 6026 DB00129 15729 6262 FDB030969 L-ORNITHINE C00001384 Ornithine 37976 27 Zhang, Peng; Zhang, Shurong; Liu, Chunqiao; Yang, Yuhong. Method for preparing L-ornithine by enzymatic conversion. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2007), 8pp. Klein MS, Almstetter MF, Schlamberger G, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Meyer HH, Wiedemann S, Gronwald W: Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry-based milk metabolomics in dairy cows during early and late lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2010 Apr;93(4):1539-50. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2563. 20338431 Sundekilde UK, Gustavsson F, Poulsen NA, Glantz M, Paulsson M, Larsen LB, Bertram HC: Association between the bovine milk metabolome and rennet-induced coagulation properties of milk. J Dairy Sci. 2014 Oct;97(10):6076-84. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8304. Epub 2014 Jul 30. 25087032 Buitenhuis AJ, Sundekilde UK, Poulsen NA, Bertram HC, Larsen LB, Sorensen P: Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of quantitative trait loci for metabolites in Danish Holstein milk. J Dairy Sci. 2013 May;96(5):3285-95. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5914. Epub 2013 Mar 15. 23497994 Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28. 28306241 BMDBP00553 Arginase-1 Q2KJ64 ARG1 Enzyme BMDBP00556 Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial Q2HJ74 GATM Enzyme BMDBP00558 Arginase-2, mitochondrial Q58DL1 ARG2 Enzyme BMDBP00922 Ornithine decarboxylase P27117 ODC1 Enzyme BMDBP00923 Arginine decarboxylase Q2TBX3 ADC Enzyme BMDBP00953 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase, mitochondrial Q9N1U7 OTC Enzyme BMDBP01140 Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 Q56K12 OAZ1 Enzyme BMDBP01327 Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial Q3ZCF5 OAT Enzyme BMDBP02582 Solute carrier family 25 (Mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 15 Q2KHW4 SLC25A15 Enzyme