<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:48:23 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-21 16:27:05 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0001866</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB01866</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid</name>
  <description>3,4-3,4-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, also known as 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid or 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety. 3,4-3,4-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid is possibly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-3,4-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 3,4-3,4-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions, within cattle. In particular, 3,4-3,4-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid can be biosynthesized from 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde; which is mediated by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric nadp-preferring. In addition, 3,4-3,4-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid and guaiacol can be converted into vanillylmandelic acid and pyrocatechol through the action of the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase. In cattle, 3,4-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid is involved in the metabolic pathway called the tyrosine metabolism pathway.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxymandelate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Dihydroxymandelic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>DOMA</synonym>
    <synonym>(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolate</synonym>
    <synonym>Dihydroxymandelate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4 Dihydroxymandelate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4 Dihydroxymandelic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid, (S)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid, ion(1-)</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid, monosodium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>DHMA</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid, (+-)-isomer</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C8H8O5</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>184.1461</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>184.037173366</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>dihydroxymandelic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>775-01-9</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C8H8O5/c9-5-2-1-4(3-6(5)10)7(11)8(12)13/h1-3,7,9-11H,(H,12,13)</inchi>
  <inchikey>RGHMISIYKIHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Benzenoids</super_class>
    <class>Phenols</class>
    <sub_class>Benzenediols</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Catechols</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Aromatic alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzene and substituted derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Catechol</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>a catechol</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>catechols</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.72</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.24</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.29</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>2.98</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-4.1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>184.1461</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>184.037173366</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C8H8O5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C8H8O5/c9-5-2-1-4(3-6(5)10)7(11)8(12)13/h1-3,7,9-11H,(H,12,13)</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>RGHMISIYKIHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>97.99</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>42.67</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>16.52</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Tyrosine Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087235</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1402</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1403</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1404</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1706</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>782</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1642</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>25487</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30521</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31359</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32174</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38155</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>171468</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1747</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1748</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1749</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5503</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5504</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5505</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5506</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5507</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5509</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5510</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>322483</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>322484</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>322485</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>370393</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>370394</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>370395</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437574</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437575</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437576</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437577</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437578</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439254</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440155</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>448194</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236289</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1766</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148400</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148401</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148402</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148403</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148404</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148405</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148406</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148407</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148408</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148409</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148410</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148411</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148412</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148413</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148414</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148415</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148416</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148417</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148418</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148419</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Neuron</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <kegg_id>C05580</kegg_id>
  <chemspider_id>77371</chemspider_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB030383</foodb_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>85782</pubchem_compound_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <chebi_id>27637</chebi_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>CPD-11879</meta_cyc_id>
  <bigg_id>46062</bigg_id>
  <wikipedia_id>3,4-Dihydroxymandelic_acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id>696</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Joray, Marcel; Breuninger, Manfred.  Process for the preparation of phenolic compounds.    PCT Int. Appl.  (2007),     15pp.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00421</protein_accession>
      <name>Catechol O-methyltransferase</name>
      <uniprot_id>A7MBI7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>COMT</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
