<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:21:03 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 22:43:33 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0006270</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB06270</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Linoelaidic acid</name>
  <description>Linoleic acid, also known as linoleate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as lineolic acids and derivatives. These are derivatives of lineolic acid. Lineolic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 18 carbon long fatty acid, with two CC double bonds at the 9- and 12-positions. Linoleic acid exists as a solid, very hydrophobic, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral molecule. Linoleic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>18:2, N-6,9 all-trans</synonym>
    <synonym>9E,12E-Octadecadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>C18:2, N-6,9 all-trans</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-9,trans-12-Linoleic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>9E,12E-Octadecadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-9,trans-12-Linoleate</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoelaidate</synonym>
    <synonym>(9E,12E)-9,12-Octadecadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(9E,12E)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>9,12-Octadecadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid, (Z,Z)-isomer, 14C-labeled</synonym>
    <synonym>Linolelaidic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>cis,cis-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid, (e,e)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid, (Z,Z)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid, ammonium salt, (Z,Z)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid, potassium salt, (Z,Z)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoelaidic acid, (e,Z)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>9 trans,12 trans Octadecadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid, sodium salt, (e,e)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid, sodium salt, (Z,Z)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic</synonym>
    <synonym>trans,trans-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid, (Z,e)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>9,12 Octadecadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleic acid, calcium salt, (Z,Z)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>9-trans,12-trans-Octadecadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Linoleate</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C18H32O2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>280.4455</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>280.240230268</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(9E,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>linoelaidic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>506-21-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CCCCC\C=C\C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C18H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h6-7,9-10H,2-5,8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b7-6+,10-9+</inchi>
  <inchikey>OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-AVQMFFATSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as lineolic acids and derivatives. These are derivatives of lineolic acid. Lineolic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 18 carbon long fatty acid, with two CC double bonds at the 9- and 12-positions.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Fatty Acyls</class>
    <sub_class>Lineolic acids and derivatives</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Lineolic acids and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Long-chain fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Straight chain fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Unsaturated fatty acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Long-chain fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Octadecanoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Straight chain fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated fatty acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Unsaturated fatty acids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>octadecadienoic acid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>omega-6 fatty acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>28 - 29 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>7.06</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-6.26</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>6.42</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>4.99</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(9E,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>280.4455</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>280.240230268</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CCCCC\C=C\C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C18H32O2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C18H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h6-7,9-10H,2-5,8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b7-6+,10-9+</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-AVQMFFATSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>37.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>88.52</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>35.45</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>14</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3099</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38985</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>152501</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>106785</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>106786</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>106787</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>173616</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>173617</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>173618</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285950</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285951</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285952</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285953</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285954</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373990</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373991</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373992</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373993</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373994</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440466</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440467</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440468</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2257394</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2259214</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2259339</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2281399</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2281400</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2281401</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed grasshay with flaxseed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>5522.11</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Intramuscular (IMF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage with flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>5275.89</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Intramuscular (IMF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage without flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>38145.42</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Perirenal (PF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage with flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>47861.6</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Perirenal (PF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage without flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>37266.63</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Subcutaneous (SF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage with flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>44394.79</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Subcutaneous (SF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage without flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed grasshay with sunflower seed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed red clove silage with flaxseed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>42361.17</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. Calf-finished</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>46533.11</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. With growth promoting implants</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>40678.14</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. Without growth promoting implants</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>45099.67</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. Yearling-finished</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Cull beef cows fed barley silage diet for 12 weeks</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>He ML, McAllister TA, Kastelic JP, Mir PS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME, Aldai N, McKinnon JJ: Feeding flaxseed in grass hay and barley silage diets to beef cows increases alpha-linolenic acid and its biohydrogenation intermediates in subcutaneous fat. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):592-604. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4281.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22274861</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Cull beef cows fed barley silage diet with flaxseed for 12 weeks</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>He ML, McAllister TA, Kastelic JP, Mir PS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME, Aldai N, McKinnon JJ: Feeding flaxseed in grass hay and barley silage diets to beef cows increases alpha-linolenic acid and its biohydrogenation intermediates in subcutaneous fat. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):592-604. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4281.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22274861</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Cull beef cows fed hay for 12 weeks</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>He ML, McAllister TA, Kastelic JP, Mir PS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME, Aldai N, McKinnon JJ: Feeding flaxseed in grass hay and barley silage diets to beef cows increases alpha-linolenic acid and its biohydrogenation intermediates in subcutaneous fat. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):592-604. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4281.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22274861</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Cull beef cows fed hay with flaxseed for 12 weeks</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>He ML, McAllister TA, Kastelic JP, Mir PS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME, Aldai N, McKinnon JJ: Feeding flaxseed in grass hay and barley silage diets to beef cows increases alpha-linolenic acid and its biohydrogenation intermediates in subcutaneous fat. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):592-604. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4281.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22274861</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed red clove silage with sunflower seed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Pasteurized milk with 3.9% fat, organic, by GC-FID</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Trimigno A, Munger L, Picone G, Freiburghaus C, Pimentel G, Vionnet N, Pralong F, Capozzi F, Badertscher R, Vergeres G: GC-MS Based Metabolomics and NMR Spectroscopy Investigation of Food Intake Biomarkers for Milk and Cheese in Serum of Healthy Humans. Metabolites. 2018 Mar 23;8(2). pii: metabo8020026. doi: 10.3390/metabo8020026.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29570652</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB023868</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>4445609</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>5282457</pubchem_compound_id>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>75108</chebi_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00036669</knapsack_id>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <bigg_id>2217974</bigg_id>
  <wikipedia_id>Linoelaidic_acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <synthesis_reference>Gunstone, Frank D.; Lie Ken Jie, M.  Fatty acids.  24.  Synthesis of ten octadecadiynoic acids and of the related cis,cis- and trans,trans-octadecadienoic acids.    Chemistry and Physics of Lipids  (1970),  4(1),  1-14.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Trimigno A, Munger L, Picone G, Freiburghaus C, Pimentel G, Vionnet N, Pralong F, Capozzi F, Badertscher R, Vergeres G: GC-MS Based Metabolomics and NMR Spectroscopy Investigation of Food Intake Biomarkers for Milk and Cheese in Serum of Healthy Humans. Metabolites. 2018 Mar 23;8(2). pii: metabo8020026. doi: 10.3390/metabo8020026.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>29570652</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
