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Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 22:19:44 UTC
Update Date2020-05-11 22:24:22 UTC
BMDB IDBMDB0000115
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB00115
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGlycolic acid
DescriptionGlycolic acid, also known as 2-hydroxyacetate or glycolate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. Glycolic acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Glycolic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Glycolic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Glycolic acid, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as colorectal cancer, biliary atresia, lung cancer, and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency; glycolic acid has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder fumarase deficiency.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Hydroxyacetic acidChEBI
2-Hydroxyethanoic acidChEBI
alpha-Hydroxyacetic acidChEBI
Glycollic acidChEBI
HOCH2COOHChEBI
Hydroxyacetic acidChEBI
Hydroxyethanoic acidChEBI
2-HydroxyacetateGenerator
2-HydroxyethanoateGenerator
a-HydroxyacetateGenerator
a-Hydroxyacetic acidGenerator
alpha-HydroxyacetateGenerator
Α-hydroxyacetateGenerator
Α-hydroxyacetic acidGenerator
GlycollateGenerator
HydroxyacetateGenerator
HydroxyethanoateGenerator
GlycolateGenerator
GlycocideHMDB
GlyPureHMDB
GlyPure 70HMDB
Sodium glycolateHMDB
Glycolic acid, 2-(14)C-labeledHMDB
Glycolic acid, 1-(14)C-labeledHMDB
Glycolic acid, potassium saltHMDB
Glycolic acid, monopotassium saltHMDB
Glycolic acid, calcium saltHMDB
Glycolic acid, monoammonium saltHMDB
Glycolic acid, monolithium saltHMDB
Glycolic acid, monosodium saltHMDB
Potassium glycolateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC2H4O3
Average Molecular Weight76.0514
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight76.016043994
IUPAC NameNot Available
Traditional NameNot Available
CAS Registry Number79-14-1
SMILESNot Available
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
InChI KeyAEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassHydroxy acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAlpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
Direct ParentAlpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-hydroxy acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locations
  • Mitochondria
  • Peroxisome
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point75 - 80 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogP-1.11HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted PropertiesNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Mitochondria
  • Peroxisome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Bladder
  • Blood
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Liver
  • Mammary Gland
  • Ruminal Fluid
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BladderExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
EpidermisExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
FibroblastsExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
LiverDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
LiverDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
LiverDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Mammary GlandDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Mammary GlandDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Ruminal FluidDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Sub/clinical ketosis
details
HMDB IDHMDB0000115
DrugBank IDDB03085
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB003298
KNApSAcK IDC00007461
Chemspider ID737
KEGG Compound IDC03547
BioCyc IDGLYCOLLATE
BiGG ID34090
Wikipedia LinkGlycolic_acid
METLIN ID3219
PubChem Compound757
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17497
References
Synthesis ReferenceWitzemann, Edgar J. Preparation of glycollic acid. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1917), 39 109-12.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase hydrolyzing glycerol-3-phosphate into glycerol. Thereby, regulates the cellular levels of glycerol-3-phosphate a metabolic intermediate of glucose, lipid and energy metabolism. Was also shown to have a 2-phosphoglycolate phosphatase activity and a tyrosine-protein phosphatase activity. However, their physiological relevance is unclear. In vitro, has also a phosphatase activity toward ADP, ATP, GDP and GTP.
Gene Name:
PGP
Uniprot ID:
Q2T9S4
Molecular weight:
34320.0