Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 23:09:08 UTC
Update Date2020-05-11 20:15:19 UTC
BMDB IDBMDB0004305
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB04305
Metabolite Identification
Common NameFarnesol
DescriptionFarnesol, also known as (2E,6E)-farnesol or trans-farnesol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, farnesol is considered to be an isoprenoid. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Farnesol.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2-trans,6-trans)-3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-olChEBI
(2E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-olChEBI
(2E,6E)-FarnesolChEBI
(e)-FarnesolChEBI
(e,e)-FarnesolChEBI
2-trans,6-trans-FarnesolChEBI
all-trans-FarnesolChEBI
trans,trans-alpha-FarnesolChEBI
trans,trans-FarnesolChEBI
trans-FarnesolChEBI
Ditrans,polycis-polyprenolKegg
trans,trans-a-FarnesolGenerator
trans,trans-Α-farnesolGenerator
2-cis,6-trans-FarnesolHMDB
3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-olHMDB
Farnesyl alcoholHMDB
FCI 119aHMDB
NikkosomeHMDB
FarnesolMeSH
(E)-beta-FarnesolPhytoBank
(E)-β-FarnesolPhytoBank
(E,E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-olPhytoBank
(E,E)-Farnesyl alcoholPhytoBank
(t,t)-FarnesolPhytoBank
2,6-Di-trans-farnesolPhytoBank
2,6-trans,trans-FarnesolPhytoBank
3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-2-trans,6-trans,10-trien-1-olPhytoBank
all-E-FarnesolPhytoBank
trans-1-Hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienePhytoBank
trans-2,trans-6-FarnesolPhytoBank
3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecen-1-olPhytoBank
Chemical FormulaC15H26O
Average Molecular Weight222.3663
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight222.198365454
IUPAC Name(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol
Traditional Name(E)-farnesol
CAS Registry Number4602-84-0
SMILES
CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CO
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H26O/c1-13(2)7-5-8-14(3)9-6-10-15(4)11-12-16/h7,9,11,16H,5-6,8,10,12H2,1-4H3/b14-9+,15-11+
InChI KeyCRDAMVZIKSXKFV-YFVJMOTDSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassSesquiterpenoids
Direct ParentSesquiterpenoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Farsesane sesquiterpenoid
  • Sesquiterpenoid
  • Fatty alcohol
  • Fatty acyl
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
  • Exogenous
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locations
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point< 25 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP4.84ALOGPS
logP4.16ChemAxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)16.33ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area20.23 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity74.98 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability28.7 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
EpidermisExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
FibroblastsExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
IntestineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
KidneyExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
HMDB IDHMDB0004305
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB014891
KNApSAcK IDC00003132
Chemspider ID392816
KEGG Compound IDC06081
BioCyc ID2-TRANS6-TRANS-FARNESOL
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkFarnesol
METLIN ID7048
PubChem Compound445070
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16619
References
Synthesis ReferenceImai, Kunio; Marumo, Shingo. Stereochemistry of C-1 hydrogen exchange during 2,3-double bond trans-cis isomerization of farnesol by Helminthosporium sativum. Tetrahedron Letters (1974), (49/50), 4401-4.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding
Specific function:
Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor for bile acids (BAs) such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and allocholic acid (ACA). Plays a essential role in BA homeostasis through the regulation of genes involved in BA synthesis, conjugation and enterohepatic circulation. Also regulates lipid and glucose homeostasis and is involved innate immune response. The FXR-RXR heterodimer binds predominantly to farnesoid X receptor response elements (FXREs) containing two inverted repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' in which the monomers are spaced by 1 nucleotide (IR-1) but also to tandem repeat DR1 sites with lower affinity, and can be activated by either FXR or RXR-specific ligands. It is proposed that monomeric nuclear receptors such as NR5A2/LRH-1 bound to coregulatory nuclear responsive element (NRE) halfsites located in close proximity to FXREs modulate transcriptional activity. In the liver activates transcription of the corepressor NR0B2 thereby indirectly inhibiting CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 (involved in BA synthesis) implicating at least in part histone demethylase KDM1A resulting in epigenomic repression, and SLC10A1/NTCP (involved in hepatic uptake of conjugated BAs). Activates transcription of the repressor MAFG (involved in regulation of BA synthesis). Activates transcription of SLC27A5/BACS and BAAT (involved in BA conjugation), ABCB11/BSEP (involved in bile salt export) by directly recruiting histone methyltransferase CARM1, and ABCC2/MRP2 (involved in secretion of conjugated BAs) and ABCB4 (involved in secretion of phosphatidylcholine in the small intestine). Activates transcription of SLC27A5/BACS and BAAT (involved in BA conjugation), ABCB11/BSEP (involved in bile salt export) by directly recruiting histone methyltransferase CARM1, and ABCC2/MRP2 (involved in secretion of conjugated BAs) and ABCB4 (involved in secretion of phosphatidylcholine in the small intestine). In the intestine activates FGF19 expression and secretion leading to hepatic CYP7A1 repression. The function also involves the coordinated induction of hepatic KLB/beta-klotho expression. Regulates transcription of liver UGT2B4 and SULT2A1 involved in BA detoxification; binding to the UGT2B4 promoter seems to imply a monomeric transactivation independent of RXRA. Modulates lipid homeostasis by activating liver NR0B2/SHP-mediated repression of SREBF1 (involved in de novo lipogenesis), expression of PLTP (involved in HDL formation), SCARB1 (involved in HDL hepatic uptake), APOE, APOC1, APOC4, PPARA (involved in beta-oxidation of fatty acids), VLDLR and SDC1 (involved in the hepatic uptake of LDL and IDL remnants), and inhibiting expression of MTTP (involved in VLDL assembly). Increases expression of APOC2 (promoting lipoprotein lipase activity implicated in triglyceride clearance). Transrepresses APOA1 involving a monomeric competition with NR2A1 for binding to a DR1 element. Also reduces triglyceride clearance by inhibiting expression of ANGPTL3 and APOC3 (both involved in inhibition of lipoprotein lipase). Involved in glucose homeostasis by modulating hepatic gluconeogenesis through activation of NR0B2/SHP-mediated repression of respective genes. Modulates glycogen synthesis (inducing phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3). Modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and is involved in insulin resistance. Involved in intestinal innate immunity. Plays a role in protecting the distal small intestine against bacterial overgrowth and preservation of the epithelial barrier. Down-regulates inflammatory cytokine expression in several types of immune cells including macrophages and mononuclear cells. Mediates trans-repression of TLR4-induced cytokine expression; the function seems to require its sumoylation and prevents N-CoR nuclear receptor corepressor clearance from target genes such as IL1B and NOS2. Involved in the TLR9-mediated protective mechanism in intestinal inflammation. Plays an anti-inflammatory role in liver inflammation; proposed to inhibit proinflammatory (but not antiapoptotic) NF-kappa-B signaling.
Gene Name:
NR1H4
Uniprot ID:
Q3SZL0
Molecular weight:
55460.0