Showing metabocard for Galactitol (BMDB0000107)

IdentificationTaxonomyPhysical propertiesPathwaysSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (1) Show 1 proteinXML
Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 22:19:40 UTC
Update Date2020-05-21 16:27:01 UTC
BMDB IDBMDB0000107
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB00107
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGalactitol
DescriptionGalactitol, also known as dulcitol or melampyrit, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group. Galactitol exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa) molecule. Galactitol exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Galactitol can be biosynthesized from D-galactose; which is mediated by the enzyme aldose reductase. In cattle, galactitol is involved in the metabolic pathway called the galactose metabolism pathway. Galactitol is a potentially toxic compound.
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2R,3S,4R,5S)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexolChEBI
D-DulcitolChEBI
D-GalactitolChEBI
DulcitolChEBI
DulcoseChEBI
EuonymitChEBI
L-GalactitolChEBI
MelampyrinChEBI
MelampyritChEBI
Ambap5938HMDB
DulciteHMDB
HexitolHMDB
MelampyriteHMDB
MelampyrumHMDB
meso-GalactitolHMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H14O6
Average Molecular Weight182.1718
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight182.07903818
IUPAC Name(2R,3S,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Traditional Namegalactitol
CAS Registry Number608-66-2
SMILES
OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6-
InChI KeyFBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentSugar alcohols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Sugar alcohol
  • Monosaccharide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
  • Exogenous
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locations
  • Cell membrane
  • Membrane
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point189.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility31,0 mg/mL at 15 °CYALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
LogP-3.1HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-2.7ALOGPS
logP-3.7ChemAxon
logS0.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.59ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count6ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area121.38 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity38.4 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability17.25 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-014j-0941000000-61141f9f2ddc66e0b016View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS)splash10-0gb9-1983000000-0a0dafcfea843fbb3c72View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-014j-0941000000-61141f9f2ddc66e0b016View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0gb9-1983000000-0a0dafcfea843fbb3c72View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-03k9-9400000000-7a0f08ea65cbca1920f5View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a6s-7141193000-dcd9245e12314ee0ced4View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_11) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-005a-5900000000-35da0de23de5b9170aedView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-0a4i-9000000000-552b84764ceb9b497a7eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-052f-9000000000-dfb4eef021d94d514588View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 4V, negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-028ff289dc870279e218View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 8V, negativesplash10-001i-1900000000-a99ee988b2a1bbab9137View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 12V, negativesplash10-0uyr-6900000000-04315425478b660c8947View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 16V, negativesplash10-0kg9-9400000000-54350b0516f39f8c9b50View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 20V, negativesplash10-0abi-9100000000-b4cf2b00830b765d5dcbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-0089-9000000000-20463a683f8ab7aa9e4dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-5c4795e954d5c3e9b74eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-43b7e571c1185de1e99bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-160eaf7ef39d08853738View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-0udi-3900000000-3114e2bfe0cdbc68be19View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-000j-9000000000-635a869063bea88c0091View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-0uk9-3900000000-2ecc694b3a9844ec3ee5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 3V, negativesplash10-03di-0900000000-61d17fd37e0e3ac16e37View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 4V, negativesplash10-03di-1900000000-90b308bca6baee5ab018View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 5V, negativesplash10-0ik9-2900000000-eb87481835668a3b0d3dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 6V, negativesplash10-0w29-5900000000-a78bc11bf7d88c2b913eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 7V, negativesplash10-0udi-8900000000-0ae9e05f3f4517635bbaView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 9V, negativesplash10-0zmi-9500000000-4156ee30d358f68b2590View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-0udi-3900000000-0370fdfaee1df82b525dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-05fr-9000000000-9699f16da2c5fbaef32dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-000j-9000000000-0a119385f247c8ed7ae4View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 2V, negativesplash10-014i-0490000000-403aabe62ebe0fa60ab3View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cell membrane
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Brain
  • Erythrocyte
  • Eye Lens
  • Milk
  • Semen
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BrainExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
 details
ErythrocyteExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
 details
Eye LensExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
 details
MilkDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
SemenDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal		 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
HMDB IDHMDB0000107
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB006453
KNApSAcK IDC00001160
Chemspider ID11357
KEGG Compound IDC01697
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID38183
Wikipedia LinkGalactitol
METLIN ID5148
PubChem Compound11850
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16813
References
Synthesis ReferenceMuniruzzaman, Syed; Itoh, Hiromichi; Yoshino, Akira; Katayama, Takeshi; Izumori, Ken. Biotransformation of lactose to galactitol. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering (1994), 77(1), 32-5.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743. [PubMed:23438684 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1
General function:
Involved in 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols. Displays enzymatic activity towards endogenous metabolites such as aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, monosacharides, bile acids and xenobiotics substrates. Key enzyme in the polyol pathway, catalyzes reduction of glucose to sorbitol during hyperglycemia. Reduces steroids and their derivatives and prostaglandins. Displays low enzymatic activity toward all-trans-retinal, 9-cis-retinal, and 13-cis-retinal. Catalyzes the reduction of diverse phospholipid aldehydes such as 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn -glycero-3-phosphoethanolamin (POVPC) and related phospholipid aldehydes that are generated from the oxydation of phosphotidylcholine and phosphatdyleethanolamides. Plays a role in detoxifying dietary and lipid-derived unsaturated carbonyls, such as crotonaldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, trans-2-hexenal, trans-2,4-hexadienal and their glutathione-conjugates carbonyls (GS-carbonyls).
Gene Name:
AKR1B1
Uniprot ID:
P16116
Molecular weight:
35919.0
Reactions
D-Galactose + NAD → Galactitol + NADHdetails