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Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 22:27:10 UTC
Update Date2020-06-04 20:45:42 UTC
BMDB IDBMDB0000235
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB00235
Metabolite Identification
Common NameThiamine
DescriptionThiamine, also known as vitamin B1 or aneurin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thiamines. Thiamines are compounds containing a thiamine moiety, which is structurally characterized by a 3-[(4-Amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl backbone. Thiamine is a drug which is used for the treatment of thiamine and niacin deficiency states, korsakov's alcoholic psychosis, wernicke-korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis. Thiamine exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa) molecule. Thiamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In cattle, thiamine is involved in the metabolic pathway called the valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation pathway. Thiamine is a potentially toxic compound.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC12H17N4OS
Average Molecular Weight265.355
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight265.112306876
IUPAC Name3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium
Traditional Namethiamine
CAS Registry Number59-43-8
SMILES
CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1
InChI KeyJZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thiamines. Thiamines are compounds containing a thiamine moiety, which is structurally characterized by a 3-[(4-Amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl backbone.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDiazines
Sub ClassPyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
Direct ParentThiamines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Thiamine
  • 4,5-disubstituted 1,3-thiazole
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Imidolactam
  • Azole
  • Thiazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Alcohol
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Amine
  • Organic cation
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
StatusDetected and Quantified
Origin
  • Exogenous
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locations
  • Cell membrane
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Myelin sheath
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point248 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility500.0 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-2.1ALOGPS
logP-3.1ChemAxon
logS-4.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.5ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)5.54ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area75.91 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity73.4 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability28.14 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00e9-3890000000-9f8b525433ab279ad512View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-9442000000-05ab93d3afb7b6f538e9View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-000i-0109000000-48864f31ba475645654bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-05o1-9200000000-2ec0f3e9e364cffde16eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-0aou-9000000000-0184506492d9f5b68b97View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-03di-0090000000-872150be83cbd75d8ecfView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-0002-0930000000-ecf71c75bdea859139d5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-0002-0900000000-4d9113fdc633fb1ccbb5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-0002-0900000000-4a8016299623af0c3027View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-0002-1900000000-773912c9f325c419c77dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-0390000000-95f3ca57c95542bdc7e7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-e079d1fc1e06396dc524View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-ebb16d4f204f291b9a3aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-00e9-4900000000-ad4d4779d76b9edb7ec5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-001i-9600000000-b631eed5be831527fc17View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-50f2f613f576814eb627View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-002b-0900000000-2f184bbfec6bc0ef00c6View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-001i-9000000000-35bc744495a2570a565fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-00di-1900000000-d8a7ac327273c32b4524View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-0002-0920000000-ca80ef6513c61be5b5e9View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-03di-0090000000-872150be83cbd75d8ecfView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-0190000000-183af2449d1439af9825View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-2230ebc7c6b73192c26fView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0002-7920000000-75670df9647a475ca92cView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-03di-3090000000-d0ff9a733629a86b75c7View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-03dj-3690000000-db3f204af490d7e1722eView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0005-9000000000-5196f2b4daab995967bfView in MoNA
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cell membrane
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Myelin sheath
Biospecimen Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Brain
  • Erythrocyte
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Milk
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Ruminal Fluid
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
HMDB IDHMDB0000235
DrugBank IDDB00152
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB008424
KNApSAcK IDC00000775
Chemspider ID1098
KEGG Compound IDC00378
BioCyc IDTHIAMINE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkThiamine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound1130
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID18385
References
Synthesis ReferenceSugimoto, Hirohiko; Ishiba, Teruyuki; Sato, Tomohiro; Nakai, Hiroshi; Hirai, Kentaro. Novel S-alkylation products from "isolated thiamin ylide" via thiaminium neothiaminthiolate ion pair. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1990), 55(2), 467-70.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Agostini TS, Scherer R, Godoy HT: Simultaneous determination of B-group vitamins in enriched Brazilian dairy products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2007;47(5):435-9. doi: 10.1080/10408390600846309. [PubMed:17558655 ]
  2. Gaucheron F: Milk and dairy products: a unique micronutrient combination. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Oct;30(5 Suppl 1):400S-9S. [PubMed:22081685 ]
  3. Park, Y. W; Juárez, Manuela ; Ramos, M.; Haenlein, G. F. W. (2007). Park, Y. W; Juárez, Manuela ; Ramos, M.; Haenlein, G. F. W.. Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Res.(2007) 68:88-113 doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.013. Small Ruminant Research.
  4. A. Foroutan et al. (2019). A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
  5. USDA Food Composition Databases [Link]

Enzymes

General function:
Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of thiamine to thiamine pyrophosphate. Can also catalyze the phosphorylation of pyrithiamine to pyrithiamine pyrophosphate (By similarity).
Gene Name:
TPK1
Uniprot ID:
Q5E9T4
Molecular weight:
27028.0
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Thiamine → Adenosine monophosphate + Thiamine pyrophosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in binding
Specific function:
Mitochondrial transporter mediating uptake of thiamine pyrophosphate (ThPP) into mitochondria.
Gene Name:
SLC25A19
Uniprot ID:
Q29RM1
Molecular weight:
35112.0