Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 22:45:36 UTC
Update Date2020-06-04 20:52:34 UTC
BMDB IDBMDB0001414
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB01414
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePutrescine
DescriptionPutrescine, also known as 1,4-butanediamine or 1,4-diaminobutane, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monoalkylamines. These are organic compounds containing an primary aliphatic amine group. Putrescine exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa) molecule. Putrescine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Putrescine is a potentially toxic compound.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,4-ButanediamineChEBI
1,4-ButylenediamineChEBI
1,4-DIAMINOBUTANEChEBI
1,4-TetramethylenediamineChEBI
Butane-1,4-diamineChEBI
ButylenediamineChEBI
H2N(CH2)4nh2ChEBI
PutrescinChEBI
PutrescinaChEBI
PutreszinChEBI
TetramethylendiaminChEBI
TetramethylenediamineChEBI
1,4-ButanediammoniumHMDB
TetramethyldiamineHMDB
1,4 DiaminobutaneHMDB
1,4 ButanediamineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC4H12N2
Average Molecular Weight88.1515
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight88.100048394
IUPAC Namebutane-1,4-diamine
Traditional Nameputrescine
CAS Registry Number110-60-1
SMILES
NCCCCN
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C4H12N2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h1-6H2
InChI KeyKIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monoalkylamines. These are organic compounds containing an primary aliphatic amine group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic nitrogen compounds
ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
Sub ClassAmines
Direct ParentMonoalkylamines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
StatusDetected and Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
  • Exogenous
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point27.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogP-0.7SANGSTER (1994)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.98ALOGPS
logP-0.85ChemAxon
logS0.43ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.51ChemAxon
Physiological Charge2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area52.04 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity27.38 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability11.07 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (4 TMS)splash10-00di-1910000000-5694141cafbe39951441View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1900000000-eeb4354250406805ebe6View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (4 TMS)splash10-00di-8910000000-af71049ab8358b0042ffView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-00di-8900000000-0ba23327cabd9b2815f5View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-00di-2900000000-234e1b62f4e830226779View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-00di-1900000000-e29f1004e27fcb9cfe7bView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-9000000000-224d3a5d3fbe7e1c6bd4View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-9000000000-5759f91b24f2e27cc466View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - CI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9000000000-226a78b715ff64ec7067View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1910000000-5694141cafbe39951441View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1900000000-eeb4354250406805ebe6View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-8910000000-af71049ab8358b0042ffView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-8900000000-0ba23327cabd9b2815f5View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-2900000000-234e1b62f4e830226779View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1900000000-e29f1004e27fcb9cfe7bView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-8900000000-0ba23327cabd9b2815f5View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-2900000000-234e1b62f4e830226779View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1900000000-e29f1004e27fcb9cfe7bView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1900000000-6861f65288867dab7690View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-2900000000-7923303f8f970b8d2dd6View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-9000000000-4d1729dd236ab6f44cd9View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00di-9000000000-f718a117761c1c7ea80dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00di-9000000000-47752c8c65e2d83e78fbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00du-9000000000-3603b20551e892ad6c5eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6L) , Positivesplash10-001i-9000000000-224d3a5d3fbe7e1c6bd4View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positivesplash10-001i-9000000000-5759f91b24f2e27cc466View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - CI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-226a78b715ff64ec7067View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-00dr-9000000000-0b342438cba3ac71bccbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-8add450cd915232f7353View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-7a496471bdf7e391fdc8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-84da87b521647b4f42abView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-001l-9000000000-3ca1e2cd5a7e125ac52eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-830221d5ea74a91c32e1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-00dr-9000000000-0b342438cba3ac71bccbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-8add450cd915232f7353View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-7a496471bdf7e391fdc8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-84da87b521647b4f42abView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-001l-9000000000-3ca1e2cd5a7e125ac52eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-830221d5ea74a91c32e1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00dl-9000000000-81dccfb50af8f3631f9bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0079-9000000000-896934367d7bc245c8b3View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-05g0-9000000000-96d51f0aa46b0ab332d0View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0a4l-9000000000-de02b50a4b8a279875e4View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-73c448854a91ad5a9644View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-c600a93b8d737a254884View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-059f-9000000000-ce7ae61a17ef7cb9b2c2View in MoNA
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-001i-9000000000-2b410aa72c9bb951a79dView in MoNA
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Brain
  • Colostrum
  • Epidermis
  • Erythrocyte
  • Fibroblasts
  • Liver
  • Longissimus Thoracis Muscle
  • Mammary Gland
  • Milk
  • Muscle
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Prostate Tissue
  • Ruminal Fluid
  • Semimembranosus Muscle
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.04 +/- 0.02 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
BrainExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
EpidermisExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
ErythrocyteExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
FibroblastsExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
LiverDetected and Quantified0.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/g of tissueNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
Longissimus Thoracis MuscleDetected and Quantified1.3 +/- 0.4 nmol/g of tissueNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
Mammary GlandDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Mammary GlandDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
MilkDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
MilkDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
MuscleDetected and Quantified9-22 nmol/g of tissueNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
NeuronExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
PlacentaExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
PlateletExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Prostate TissueExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified103 +/- 58 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified26.31 +/- 12.21 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
    • Fozia Saleem, Sou...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified52.2 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified122.2 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified314.7 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified26.4 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified29-111 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified52 +/- 17 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Fozia Saleem, Sou...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified122 +/- 29 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Fozia Saleem, Sou...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified214 +/- 89 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Fozia Saleem, Sou...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified28 +/- 12 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Fozia Saleem, Sou...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified28.0 +/- 12.0 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Fozia Saleem, Sou...
details
Semimembranosus MuscleDetected and Quantified2 +/- 1 nmol/g of tissueNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
TestisDetected and Quantified11 +/- 3 nmol/g of tissueNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
ColostrumDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Commercial Product/bacterial growth on ground beef
details
MuscleDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Commercial Product/bacterial growth on ground beef
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified314.76 +/- 86.14 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedRumen acidosis
    • Fozia Saleem, Sou...
details
HMDB IDHMDB0001414
DrugBank IDDB01917
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB001494
KNApSAcK IDC00001428
Chemspider ID13837702
KEGG Compound IDC00134
BioCyc IDPUTRESCINE
BiGG ID33980
Wikipedia LinkPutrescine
METLIN ID3226
PubChem Compound1045
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17148
References
Synthesis ReferenceDudley, H. W.; Thorpe, W. V. Synthesis of N-methylputrescine and of putrescine. Biochemical Journal (1925), 19 845-9.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Sun HZ, Wang DM, Wang B, Wang JK, Liu HY, Guan le L, Liu JX: Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows: potential biomarkers for milk production and quality. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1287-98. doi: 10.1021/pr501305g. Epub 2015 Jan 28. [PubMed:25599412 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
Flavoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of N(1)-acetylspermine to spermidine and is thus involved in the polyamine back-conversion. Can also oxidize N(1)-acetylspermidine to putrescine. Substrate specificity: N(1)-acetylspermine = N(1)-acetylspermidine > N(1),N(12)-diacylspermine >> spermine. Does not oxidize spermidine. Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration.
Gene Name:
PAOX
Uniprot ID:
Q865R1
Molecular weight:
56325.0
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of polyamine biosynthesis that converts ornithine into putrescine, which is the precursor for the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Polyamines are essential for cell proliferation and are implicated in cellular processes, ranging from DNA replication to apoptosis.
Gene Name:
ODC1
Uniprot ID:
P27117
Molecular weight:
51346.0
Reactions
Ornithine → Putrescine + Carbon dioxidedetails
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ADC
Uniprot ID:
Q2TBX3
Molecular weight:
54147.0
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
SRM
Uniprot ID:
E1BM12
Molecular weight:
33981.0
Reactions
S-Adenosylmethioninamine + Putrescine → 5'-Methylthioadenosine + Spermidinedetails