Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 23:07:36 UTC
Update Date2020-05-21 16:28:46 UTC
BMDB IDBMDB0004068
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB04068
Metabolite Identification
Common NameMelanin
DescriptionMelanin, also known as melanin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anthracenes. These are organic compounds containing a system of three linearly fused benzene rings. Melanin is possibly soluble (in water) and a moderately basic compound (based on its pKa). Melanin can be biosynthesized from 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid through its interaction with the enzyme tyrosinase. In cattle, melanin is involved in the metabolic pathway called the tyrosine metabolism pathway.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
AllomelaninsHMDB
MelaninsHMDB
PhaeomelaninsHMDB
Chemical FormulaC18H10N2O4
Average Molecular Weight318.283
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight318.064056818
IUPAC Name6,14-dimethyl-4,12-diazapentacyclo[8.6.1.1²,⁵.0¹³,¹⁷.0⁹,¹⁸]octadeca-1(17),2,5,9(18),10,13-hexaene-7,8,15,16-tetrone
Traditional Namemelanin
CAS Registry Number8049-97-6
SMILES
CC1=C2NC=C3C2=C(C2=CNC4=C(C)C(=O)C(=O)C3=C24)C(=O)C1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C18H10N2O4/c1-5-13-9-7(3-19-13)12-10-8(11(9)17(23)15(5)21)4-20-14(10)6(2)16(22)18(12)24/h3-4,19-20H,1-2H3
InChI KeyXUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anthracenes. These are organic compounds containing a system of three linearly fused benzene rings.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassAnthracenes
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentAnthracenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Anthracene
  • Indolequinone
  • Indole
  • Indole or derivatives
  • Isoindole
  • Isoindole or derivatives
  • Quinone
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Pyrrole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Myelin sheath
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP1.76ALOGPS
logP-0.27ChemAxon
logS-3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.65ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)1.34ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area92.34 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity88.28 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability31.77 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Myelin sheath
Biospecimen Locations
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Adrenal Medulla
  • Bladder
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Hair
  • Neuron
  • Spleen
  • Thyroid Gland
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
Adrenal GlandExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Adrenal MedullaExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
BladderExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
EpidermisExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
FibroblastsExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
HairExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
NeuronExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
SpleenExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Thyroid GlandExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
HMDB IDHMDB0004068
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023298
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4884931
KEGG Compound IDC05606
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID46115
Wikipedia LinkMelanin
METLIN ID7011
PubChem Compound6325610
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID89634
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in copper ion binding
Specific function:
This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine. In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone.
Gene Name:
TYR
Uniprot ID:
Q8MIU0
Molecular weight:
60304.0
Reactions
2 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid + Oxygen → Melanin + Waterdetails