Phenotypes

Also known as Curly Calf Syndrome

Jacinto et al. (2026): "Genetic analysis [of two affected Angus calvse] identified a private homozygous missense variant [omia.variant:1852] in the bovine CACNA2D2 gene (XP_024839037.1:p.(Cys395Arg)), which is linked to neurological disorders in other species, including a form of cerebellar atrophy in humans."

For information relating to Bos indicus cattle see: OMIA 001199-9915 : Coat colour, extension in Bos indicus

Fontanesi  et al. (2010): "[V]ariation in the white spotting in several cattle breeds is largely influenced by the multiple allelic series at the S locus, which includes at least four alleles (Olson 1999): SH (Hereford pattern), SP (Pinzgauer pattern or lineback), S+ (non-spotted) and s (spotting pattern). The SH allele gives white face, belly, feet and tail, often with a white stripe over the shoulder when homozygous. The SP allele gives pigm...

In a conference paper, Denholm et al. (2014) reported that "The causal mutation in CA was identified as a large (~58 kilobase pair) deletion affecting the ADAMTSL3 gene on bovine chromosome 21."

Reith et al. (2024): "Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the [Angus] sire, six affected and seven unaffectedpaternal half-sibling calves and combined with data from 135 unrelated controls. The sire and five of the six affected calves were heterozygous for a nonsense variant (Chr7 g.12367906C>T, c.5073C>T, p.Arg1681*) in CACNA1A. The other affected calves (N = 8) were heterozygous for the variant but it was absent in the other unaff...

Excluding variants found in breeds that do not show this trait, Daetwyler et al. (2014) narrowed the field down to "a missense mutation in KRT27 (c.276C>G; p.Asn92Lys; g.41636961C>G on BTA19; ss699911276)". Strong supporting evidence of the causality of this mutation was found by studying its presence in numerous bulls of the Montbeliarde breed (in which the trait occurs, and which, like Fleckvieh, derives from the Simmental breed) compa...

Much useful information on this disorder, including a video, is available from http://www.angus.org/pub/DD/DDInfo.aspx

Jacinto et al (2025) investigated two half-sib Angus calves with chondrodysplasia leading to primordial disproportionate dwarfism in a whole genome sequencing approach: "Assuming a dominant MOI [mode of inheritance], a heterozygous pathogenic missense variant was found in exon 6 of PRDM10 leading to an amino acid exchange in PRDM10 at position 289, located in the PR-SET domain (Chr29:g.36138136G > A; c.866C > T; p.Pro289Leu) [omia.varian...

No summary available.

Eager et al. (2025): "Whole-genome sequencing of an affected calf identified a homozygous frameshift variant in the HEXA gene (NC_037337.1:g.19269480_19269481delinsGGAGT, NM_001075164.2: c.(834_835delinsACTCC)), absent from 18 control genomes and 1842 individuals in the 1000 Bull Genomes Project. The variant was confirmed in homozygous form in all four affected animals by Sanger sequencing and meets multiple criteria for pathogenicity."

The first occurrence of this disorder in any domestic species was reported by Angelos et al. (1995), in Charolais cattle.

By comparing whole-genome sequenced data (from 2 affecteds and one control) in the candidate region (see Mapping section), and filtering resultant candidate variants, Duchesne et al. (2018) narrowed the field down to "a single substitution in exon 5 of KIF1C (chr19:27041449 C/T). For easier comprehension and since KIF1C gene in cattle is on the reverse strand, the substitution will be referred as KIF1C G>A in order to match with the transcr...

Nogueira et al. (2022) "A rare SNP, predicted to be deleterious was discovered within a conserved WD40 domain repeat-encoding region ... of the bovine autosomal ... EML5 gene ... in an Angus bull ... with low fertility." The authors "demonstrate that this mutant allele is present in many breeds world-wide." 

This was one of the first inherited lysosomal storage disorders to be studied extensively in animals. The pioneering work was done by Jolly and colleagues at Massy University in New Zealand, who developed an enzyme assay that enabled carriers to be distinguished from homozygote normals with a high degree of accuracy (Jolly et al., 1973). More than twenty years later, following the cloning and characterisation of the human gene for alpha mannos...