Bovine Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-Leucine (BMDB0000687)

Identification Taxonomy Physical properties Pathways Spectra Concentrations Links References enzymes (6) Show 6 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-09-30 22:34:54 UTC

Update Date

2020-06-04 22:32:44 UTC

BMDB ID

BMDB0000687

Secondary Accession Numbers

BMDB00687

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Leucine

Description

L-Leucine, also known as (S)-leucine or L-leucin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as leucine and derivatives. Leucine and derivatives are compounds containing leucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. L-Leucine exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa) molecule. L-Leucine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. L-Leucine can be converted into L-leucine through its interaction with the enzyme large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1. In cattle, L-leucine is involved in the metabolic pathway called the leucine stimulation ON insulin signaling pathway. L-Leucine is a potentially toxic compound.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid	ChEBI
(2S)-alpha-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid	ChEBI
(2S)-alpha-Leucine	ChEBI
(S)-(+)-Leucine	ChEBI
(S)-Leucine	ChEBI
2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid	ChEBI
L	ChEBI
L-Leucin	ChEBI
L-Leuzin	ChEBI
Leu	ChEBI
LEUCINE	ChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoate	Generator
(2S)-a-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate	Generator
(2S)-a-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid	Generator
(2S)-alpha-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate	Generator
(2S)-Α-2-amino-4-methylvalerate	Generator
(2S)-Α-2-amino-4-methylvaleric acid	Generator
(2S)-a-Leucine	Generator
(2S)-Α-leucine	Generator
2-Amino-4-methylvalerate	Generator
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoate	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid	HMDB
4-Methyl-L-norvaline	HMDB
L-(+)-Leucine	HMDB
L-a-Aminoisocaproate	HMDB
L-a-Aminoisocaproic acid	HMDB
L-alpha-Aminoisocaproate	HMDB
L-alpha-Aminoisocaproic acid	HMDB
Leucine, L-isomer	HMDB
L-Isomer leucine	HMDB
Leucine, L isomer	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₃NO₂

Average Molecular Weight

131.1729

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

131.094628665

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid

Traditional Name

L-leucine

CAS Registry Number

61-90-5

SMILES

CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t5-/m0/s1

InChI Key

ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as leucine and derivatives. Leucine and derivatives are compounds containing leucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Leucine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Leucine or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid
Branched fatty acid
Methyl-branched fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Amino acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:15603 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:15603 )
leucine (CHEBI:15603 )
pyruvate family amino acid (CHEBI:15603 )
Common amino acids (C00123 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Cytoplasm
Mitochondria

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	268 - 288 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	21.5 mg/mL	Not Available
LogP	-1.52	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-1.8	ALOGPS
logP	-1.6	ChemAxon
logS	-0.27	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.79	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.52	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	63.32 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	34.17 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	14.16 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-c0176b3cef05fc597576	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-eb7cee37b9d78694010c	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-7033b5fdcd4216168462	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-cd1de48a6db61eb4455e	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-05fr-7900000000-e3b993b282ec2115b484	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0019-9000000000-6e468213b3429cf627bc	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-ef06e48ca82519977a37	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-c0176b3cef05fc597576	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-eb7cee37b9d78694010c	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-7033b5fdcd4216168462	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-cd1de48a6db61eb4455e	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-1391000000-5183562a14017e557e33	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-05fr-7900000000-e3b993b282ec2115b484	View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-70cdb961a0819be4318a	View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-000i-9100000000-991398731b9d8305622c	View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-9100000000-05b5a7a191a32803595e	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-9000000000-5302e9c96e75e06e9705	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-9000000000-9e70778b46864cd22996	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive	splash10-0019-9000000000-6e468213b3429cf627bc	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-4f403c61aaa8a103c049	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-d85fcc558423654f45fd	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-931937d3bdd49b3ae623	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0002-0930000000-aa1256c9224fecacf025	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-0a72425a86f804d3a16b	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-4ed8cafebf4ee4e82e6a	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-3ac62b780abd90dd28b1	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-eb75eb03a58512ea36df	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-c0f28e4ebdef67c5b509	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-0751a9e803a2e7715d1a	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-001i-5900000000-8040fc883917239630a7	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-016s-9000000000-a7f9e8d43e66dbd02b6f	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-001r-7900000000-da119558c426d9c9d3a1	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-ae8365105ae2a18e0c10	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-000f-9000000000-228ee614be6648b37433	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-d1f3e047af455e156a1e	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-409dfbdb20719c3afda5	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-720554d58264a9cfdb67	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-90fab591d1f6d6318002	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-ed843252a559d532dc5e	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0019-9500000000-b9f1203176ce0ca7c11c	View in MoNA
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-000l-9000000000-bf752e458f13eed8d7a2	View in MoNA
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Mitochondria

Biospecimen Locations

Adipose Tissue
Adrenal Medulla
Bladder
Blood
Colostrum
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Longissimus Thoracis Muscle
Mammary Gland
Milk
Muscle
Neuron
Placenta
Platelet
Prostate Tissue
Ruminal Fluid
Semen
Semimembranosus Muscle
Testis

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/Pathwhiz	KEGG
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation		Not Available
Leucine Stimulation on Insulin Signaling		Not Available
Protein Synthesis: Leucine		Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Adipose Tissue	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Adrenal Medulla	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Bladder	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22370585	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	107.2 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 17197001	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 25913299	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 24440255	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Jiyuan Li, Everes...	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 25372282	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	205-264 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 11204708	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	132.6 uM	Not Specified	Both	Normal	PMID: 9374324	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	90-117 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 3535614	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	212 +/- 24 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Aidin Foroutan, C...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	67-1877 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 28453535	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	152-162 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 28036059	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 25637742	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22361340	details
Epidermis	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Fibroblasts	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Intestine	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Kidney	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 31873721	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 31867104	details
Liver	Detected and Quantified	426 +/- 117 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Aidin Foroutan, C...	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 31873721	details
Longissimus Thoracis Muscle	Detected and Quantified	154 +/- 37 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Aidin Foroutan, C...	details
Mammary Gland	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 31873721	details
Mammary Gland	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 31873721	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	4.64 +/- 1.55 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 29642378	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	2 - 22 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 20338431	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	25919.988 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fooddata+, T...	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	25919.988 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fooddata+, T...	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	25919.988 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fooddata+, T...	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	25919.988 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fooddata+, T...	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	25157.635 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fooddata+, T...	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	25157.635 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fooddata+, T...	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	25157.635 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fooddata+, T...	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	3.80 +/- 1.31 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 29642378	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	6.8 +/- 0.5 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 30994344	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	4.9 +/- 0.4 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 30994344	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	5.5 +/- 0.5 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 30994344	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	6.3 +/- 1.4 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 30994344	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	3.81 +/- 0.83 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 29642378	details
Muscle	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22361340	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	138.21 +/- 19.52 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 20831251	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	150.85 +/- 24.51 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 20831251	details
Muscle	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 25637742	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	80-424 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 20831251	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	390.39 +/- 33.32 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 20831251	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	770 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 26437054	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	7100 +/- 1140 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	8630 +/- 1800 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	1860 +/- 400 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	4030 +/- 990 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	86.05 +/- 6.13 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 20831251	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	180-256 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 28465593	details
Muscle	Detected and Quantified	238-960 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 30744349	details
Neuron	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Placenta	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Platelet	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Prostate Tissue	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	119.2 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	182.8 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	191.3 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	125.8 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	125.79 +/- 5.98 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fozia Saleem, Sou...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	76-571 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	70-159 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 29642378	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Hanne Christine B...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	119 +/- 17 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fozia Saleem, Sou...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	183 +/- 76 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fozia Saleem, Sou...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	191 +/- 44 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fozia Saleem, Sou...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	146 +/- 46 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fozia Saleem, Sou...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	145 +/- 46 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Fozia Saleem, Sou...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	603 +/- 119 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Aidin Foroutan, C...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	99.2 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	164 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	155 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	109 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Semen	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 5096119	details
Semen	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 29634739	details
Semimembranosus Muscle	Detected and Quantified	158 +/- 33 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Aidin Foroutan, C...	details
Testis	Detected and Quantified	40 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	PMID: 5096119	details
Testis	Detected and Quantified	138 +/- 23 nmol/g of tissue	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Aidin Foroutan, C...	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Treated with growth-promoting hormones	PMID: 22370585	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	102.2 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Bovine spongiform encephalopathy negative	PMID: 17197001	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	120.7 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Bovine spongiform encephalopathy positive	PMID: 17197001	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Sub/clinical ketosis	PMID: 24070026	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	All Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected	PMID: 25372282	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	High dose Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected	PMID: 25372282	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Low dose Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected	PMID: 25372282	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	191.29 +/- 42.3 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Rumen acidosis	Fozia Saleem, Sou...	details

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000687

DrugBank ID

DB00149

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

6106

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

15603

References

Synthesis Reference

Leuchtenberger, Wolfgang; Karrenbauer, Michael; Ploecker, Ulf. Scale-up of an enzyme membrane reactor process for the manufacture of L-enantiomeric compounds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1984), 434(Enzyme Eng.), 78-86.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Not Available

General References

A. Foroutan et al. (2019). A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU) [Link]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase

General function:: Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: BCAT1
Uniprot ID:: A4IFQ7
Molecular weight:: 43185.0

Enzyme Details

2. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial

General function:: Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. May also function as a transporter of branched chain alpha-keto acids (By similarity).
Gene Name:: BCAT2
Uniprot ID:: Q5EA40
Molecular weight:: 44648.0

Reactions

L-Leucine + Oxoglutaric acid → Ketoleucine + L-Glutamic acid	details

Enzyme Details

3. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase

General function:: Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: BCAT2
Uniprot ID:: Q0V8J6
Molecular weight:: 44274.0

Enzyme Details

4. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase

General function:: Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: BCAT2
Uniprot ID:: Q5E9U7
Molecular weight:: 40447.0

Enzyme Details

5. Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4

General function:: Involved in protein dimerization activity
Specific function:: Transcriptional activator. Binds the cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Cooperates with FOXO1 in osteoblasts to regulate glucose homeostasis through suppression of beta-cell production and decrease in insulin production. Regulates the induction of DDIT3/CHOP and asparagine synthetase (ASNS) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In concert with DDIT3/CHOP, activates the transcription of TRIB3 and promotes ER stress-induced neuronal apoptosis by regulating the transcriptional induction of BBC3/PUMA. Activates transcription of SIRT4. Regulates the circadian expression of the core clock component PER2 and the serotonin transporter SLC6A4. Binds in a circadian time-dependent manner to the cAMP response elements (CRE) in the SLC6A4 and PER2 promoters and periodically activates the transcription of these genes. During ER stress response, activates the transcription of NLRP1, possibly in concert with other factors.
Gene Name:: ATF4
Uniprot ID:: Q3ZCH6
Molecular weight:: 38245.0

Enzyme Details

6. Blood-brain barrier large neutral amino acid transporter

General function:: Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: SLC7A5
Uniprot ID:: Q9TU26
Molecular weight:: 55110.0

Showing metabocard for L-Leucine (BMDB0000687)

Structure for BMDB0000687 (L-Leucine)

Enzymes

Reactions