Showing metabocard for Oxidized glutathione (BMDB0003337)

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Involved in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and the regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis (By similarity). Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling.

Gene Name:

TXNRD2

Uniprot ID:

Q9N2I8

Molecular weight:

54670.0

Reactions

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins (By similarity). Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide (By similarity). Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. The presence of selenocysteine (Sec) versus Cys at the active site is essential for life: it provides resistance to overoxidation and prevents cells against ferroptosis. The presence of Sec at the active site is also essential for the survival of a specific type of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, thereby preventing against fatal epileptic seizures. May be required to protect cells from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells. Plays a role in a primary T-cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T-cells from ferroptosis and by supporting T-cell expansion (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GPX4

Uniprot ID:

Q9N2J2

Molecular weight:

22240.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown.

Gene Name:

GPX1

Uniprot ID:

P00435

Molecular weight:

22659.0

Reactions

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Possesses significant protein thiol-disulfide oxidase activity.

Gene Name:

TXNDC12

Uniprot ID:

Q5E936

Molecular weight:

19222.0