Phenotypes

A genome-wide CNV (copy number variation) association study of 791 Japanese Black cattle enabled Sasaki et al. (2016) to identify a "34-kb deleted-type" CNV region, identified as CNVR_322, "associated with embryonic mortality at 30-60 days after artificial insemination. The CNV harbors exon 2 to 6 of ANNEXIN A10 (ANXA10). . . . Western blot analysis showed that the CNV results in a null allele of ANXA10."

By cloning and sequencing a very likely comparative candidate gene (based on the homologous human disorder), Kunieda et al. (1999) identified a missense mutation (A to G) in the bovine LYST gene, producing an amino-acid substitution of histidine to arginine (H2015R) in the resultant peptide.

In a conference abstract, Haton et al. (2000) reported that, by cloning and sequencing a very likely comparative candidate gene (based on the homologous human disorder), they had identified a 76-bp insertion in exon 12 of the Factor XI gene as being causative of Factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle. This discovery was fully described by Marron et al. (2004) who explained that "This insertion introduces a stop codon that results in a mature ...

Shibutani et al. (2023) list a causal variant for F13 deficiency in Japanese Black cattle in the F13A1 gene as BTA23:g.48649432T>C, c.248T>C; p.F83S based on the publication by Ogawa and Iga (1996). Matsumoto et al. (2023) detected this variant in the Kumamoto sub-breed of Japanese Brown cattle.

Tremors and astasia, as a consequence of hypoplasia of the forelimb-girdle muscles

Sasaki et al. (2021): "A novel variant AC_000174.1:g.74743512G>T of CDC45 in JBH_17 was located in a splicing donor site at a distance of 5 bp, affecting pre-mRNA splicing."

Jacinto et al. (2023): "A trio whole-genome sequencing approach [of an affected 5 month old Wagyu calf and its parents] identified a deleterious homozygous missense variant in DGKG (p.Thr721Ile). The allele frequency in 209 genotyped Wagyu was 7.2%."

Exome sequencing by Sasaki et al. (2016) within the candidate region (see Mapping section) revealed a likely causal missense variant: g.62382825G > A, p.Pro372Leu) in exon 10 of solute carrier family 12, member 1 (SLC12A1).

Because of the obvious homology of this disorder with the homologous human disorder, Drögemüller et al. (2001) proposed that the bovine disorder be called by the name of its human homologue, which is now done in this catalogue. The earlier names are listed here as species-specific names [Frank Nicholas 20 June 2002].

Besser et al. (1990) reported a congenital syndrome of long, thin limbs, severe joint and tendon laxity, microspherophakia, ectopia lentis, heart murmurs and aortic dilatation in 7 calves, where all sired by a single phenotypically normal bull suspected of germline mosaicism for a new mutation resulting in this disease. One of the calves died with ruptured aorta at age 16 months. Histopathologic and electron microscopic studies of the aortic m...

Abbasi et al. (2009) reported that this disorder is due to a frameshift mutation resulting from the insertion of a single base in the gene for WFDC1.

The double-muscle trait in cattle is characterised by an increase in muscle mass of approx 20%, resulting in substantially higher meat yield, a higher proportion of expensive cuts of meat, and lean and very tender meat, for which a substantial premium is paid. The trait is autosomal recessive, and the locus has been given the symbol mh. It occurs at such a high frequency in Piedmontese and Belgian Blue cattle that it is characteristic of these...

Exome sequencing in the candidate region (see Mapping section) of 2 affected, one carrier and one homozygous normal animal enabled Hirano et al. (2013) to identify the causal mutation as a missense mutation (c.235G>C; p.Val79Leu) in the IARS gene which encodes isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. Hirano et al. (2016) reported that "the [above] homozygous IARS mutation not only causes calf death, but also embryonic or fetal death.

Building on the mapping results of Kobayashi et al. (2000) (see Mapping section above), Hirano et al. (2000) did some further fine mapping, and then constructed a cosmid library of the fine-mapped region of BTA1, and then used the best cosmid clone as a probe of kidney cDNA from normal and affected animals, identifying a single cDNA, which, when sequenced, turned out to be the bovine paracellin-1 gene, which they called Claudin-16, and which l...

Takasuga et al. (2015): "To search for candidate causative variations for skeletal dysplasia and/or CW-3, three sires segregating the CW-3 QTL ... , three non-Q homozygous sires ... , and a Q-homozygous steer ... were subjected to targeted resequencing ... . The 3.3-Mb CW-3 region contained 910 candidate QTNs (858 SNPs and 52 indels), including four non-synonymous and five synonymous SNPs. ... . Non-synonymous SNPs were located in FGD3 ... and...