Phenotypes

Whole-genome sequencing of an affected calf and both its parents, followed by filtering of variants, enabled Häfliger et al. (2020) to identify a stop-lost mutation in FGFR3 as the likely causal variant, namely g.116,767,863C>A; NM_174318.3: c.2408G>T; [XM_024992994.1: p.(Ter803Leuext*93), which is "predicted to extend the sequence at the C‐terminal end with 93 additional amino acids". This variant resulted from a de novo mutation in the...

Jacinto et al. (2025) investigated a Holstein calf with primordial disproportionate dwarfism and craniofacial dysmorphism using a whole genome sequencing approach: "A heterozygous pathogenic missense variant in exon 12 of PDGFRA [Chr6:g.69749162 T > C; c.1685 T > C; p.Ile562Thr; omia.variant:1841], which replaces residue 562, was found and might be due to a spontaneous de novo mutation. However, due to the lack of parental DNA, we could ...

Because of the obvious homology of this disorder with the homologous human disorder, Drögemüller et al. (2001) proposed that the bovine disorder be called by the name of its human homologue, which is now done in this catalogue. The earlier names are listed here as species-specific names [Frank Nicholas 20 June 2002].

In a conference abstract, Marron and Beever (2012) reported the causal mutation of hypotrichosis in Belted Galloway cattle to be "an A1684T substitution in exon 9 of hephaestin-like 1 (HEPHL1) resulting in a premature stop codon (K562X)". They further noted that "Hephaestin-like 1 is responsible for copper ion transport. Copper deficiency has been shown to cause anemia, poor immune function, slower growth rates and discolored or poor hair coat...

Häfliger et al. (2022) report a Scottish Highland calf with "combined lesions compatible with congenital ichthyosis, alopecia, acantholysis of the tongue and corneal defects associated with a DSP missense variant as the most likely underlying cause."

Using the comparative positional candidate gene approach (based on similarities of the bovine clinical signs with the homologous human disorder, and the mapping results mentioned above), Houweling et al. (2006; Biochim Biophys Acta 1762:890-7) sequenced CLN5 genomic DNA and cDNA from affected and normal Devon cattle, identifying the causal mutation as a "single base duplication in exon 4 of bovine CLN5 (c.662dupG) . . . . This duplication resu...

Jacinto et al. (2025) investigated two aborted half-sib Stabiliser calves with osteogenesis imperfecta. Whole genome sequencing identified a likely "heterozygous missense variant in exon 21 of [the functional candidate gene] COL1A2, located in the triple-helical region (Chr4:g.11792118G > A; c.1156G > A; p.Gly386Arg) [omia.variant:1837]. ... The variant may be a de novo mutation inherited from a germinal mosaic sire."

Häfliger et al. (2020; PMID 32069517): "Whole‐genome sequencing of one case, variant filtering against controls and genotyping of a larger cohort of Cika cattle led to the detection of a likely pathogenic protein‐changing variant perfectly associated with the disease: a missense variant on chromosome 6 in ADAMTS3 (NM_001192797.1: c.1222C>T), which affects an evolutionary conserved residue (NP_001179726.1: p.(His408Tyr))"

"Affected animals have a crooked tail and shortened head, growth retardation, extreme muscularity and spastic paresia, although some characteristics show variable penetrance. CTS is not lethal per se, but causes substantial economic losses due to growth retardation and treatment." (Charlier et al., 2008)

Kromik et al. (2015; Genetics): c.196A>G; p.66Lys>Glu; NM_001192985.1