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Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 22:27:25 UTC
Update Date2020-06-04 20:32:44 UTC
BMDB IDBMDB0000251
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB00251
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTaurine
DescriptionTaurine, also known as taufon or 2-sulfoethylamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids. Organosulfonic acids are compounds containing the sulfonic acid group, which has the general structure RS(=O)2OH (R is not a hydrogen atom). Taurine exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa) molecule. Taurine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Taurine is a potentially toxic compound. Taurine has been found to be associated with several diseases known as perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment, schizophrenia, irritable bowel syndrome, and sulfite oxidase deficiency, isolated; also taurine has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including maple syrup urine disease.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Aminoethanesulfonic acidChEBI
2-Aminoethyl sulfonateChEBI
Aminoethylsulfonic acidChEBI
beta-Aminoethylsulfonic acidChEBI
2-AminoethanesulfonateGenerator
2-AminoethanesulphonateGenerator
2-Aminoethanesulphonic acidGenerator
2-Aminoethyl sulfonic acidGenerator
2-Aminoethyl sulphonateGenerator
2-Aminoethyl sulphonic acidGenerator
AminoethylsulfonateGenerator
AminoethylsulphonateGenerator
Aminoethylsulphonic acidGenerator
b-AminoethylsulfonateGenerator
b-Aminoethylsulfonic acidGenerator
b-AminoethylsulphonateGenerator
b-Aminoethylsulphonic acidGenerator
beta-AminoethylsulfonateGenerator
beta-AminoethylsulphonateGenerator
beta-Aminoethylsulphonic acidGenerator
Β-aminoethylsulfonateGenerator
Β-aminoethylsulfonic acidGenerator
Β-aminoethylsulphonateGenerator
Β-aminoethylsulphonic acidGenerator
1-Aminoethane-2-sulfonateHMDB
1-Aminoethane-2-sulfonic acidHMDB
2-AminoethylsulfonateHMDB
2-Aminoethylsulfonic acidHMDB
2-SulfoethylamineHMDB
Taurine hydrochlorideHMDB
Taurine zinc salt (2:1)HMDB
Taurine, monopotassium saltHMDB
TaufonHMDB
TauphonHMDB
Chemical FormulaC2H7NO3S
Average Molecular Weight125.147
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight125.014663785
IUPAC NameNot Available
Traditional NameNot Available
CAS Registry Number107-35-7
SMILESNot Available
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C2H7NO3S/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-3H2,(H,4,5,6)
InChI KeyXOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids. Organosulfonic acids are compounds containing the sulfonic acid group, which has the general structure RS(=O)2OH (R is not a hydrogen atom).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassOrganic sulfonic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassOrganosulfonic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentOrganosulfonic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alkanesulfonic acid
  • Sulfonyl
  • Organosulfonic acid
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Amine
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
StatusDetected and Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locations
  • Peroxisome
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point300 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility80.7 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted PropertiesNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Peroxisome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Erythrocyte
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Leukocyte
  • Liver
  • Longissimus Thoracis Muscle
  • Mammary Gland
  • Milk
  • Neuron
  • Pancreas
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Prostate Tissue
  • Retina
  • Ruminal Fluid
  • Semimembranosus Muscle
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified80 +/- 20 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified33-41 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified33-47 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
BrainExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
EpidermisExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
ErythrocyteExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
FibroblastsExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
IntestineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
KidneyExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
LeukocyteExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
LiverDetected and Quantified2243 +/- 1186 nmol/g of tissueNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
LiverDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Longissimus Thoracis MuscleDetected and Quantified480 +/- 146 nmol/g of tissueNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
Mammary GlandDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Mammary GlandDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
MilkDetected and Quantified10 - 30 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • NRC. 1989. Recomm...
details
MilkDetected and Quantified327 - 621 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
MilkDetected and Quantified37 +/- 2 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
MilkDetected and Quantified41 +/- 2 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
MilkDetected and Quantified38 +/- 2 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
MilkDetected and Quantified37 +/- 2 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
NeuronExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
PancreasExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
PlacentaExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
PlateletExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Prostate TissueExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
RetinaExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified8 +/- 7 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified1.07 +/- 0.007 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Fozia Saleem, Sou...
details
Ruminal FluidDetected and Quantified36.2 +/- 0.01 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
    • Fozia Saleem, Sou...
details
Semimembranosus MuscleDetected and Quantified844 +/- 301 nmol/g of tissueNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
TestisDetected and Quantified1510 +/- 296 nmol/g of tissueNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
    • Aidin Foroutan, C...
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
All Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
High dose Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Low dose Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection
details
HMDB IDHMDB0000251
DrugBank IDDB01956
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB003191
KNApSAcK IDC00048188
Chemspider ID1091
KEGG Compound IDC00245
BioCyc IDTAURINE
BiGG ID34373
Wikipedia LinkTaurine
METLIN ID31
PubChem Compound1123
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15891
References
Synthesis ReferenceHu, Libo; Zhu, Hui; Du, Da-Ming; Xu, Jiaxi. Efficient synthesis of taurine and structurally diverse substituted taurines from aziridines. Journal of Organic Chemistry (2007), 72(12), 4543-4546.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Klein MS, Almstetter MF, Schlamberger G, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Meyer HH, Wiedemann S, Gronwald W: Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry-based milk metabolomics in dairy cows during early and late lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2010 Apr;93(4):1539-50. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2563. [PubMed:20338431 ]
  2. Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28. [PubMed:28306241 ]
  3. Mung D, Li L: Applying quantitative metabolomics based on chemical isotope labeling LC-MS for detecting potential milk adulterant in human milk. Anal Chim Acta. 2018 Feb 25;1001:78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.019. Epub 2017 Nov 14. [PubMed:29291809 ]
  4. NA (1989). NRC. 1989. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 10th ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.. The National Academies Press.
  5. A. Foroutan et al. (2019). A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Enzymes

General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the production of GABA.
Gene Name:
GAD1
Uniprot ID:
Q0VCA1
Molecular weight:
66784.0
Reactions
Cysteic acid → Taurine + Carbon dioxidedetails
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-aspartate, 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteine sulfinic acid), and L-cysteate to beta-alanine, hypotaurine and taurine, respectively. The preferred substrate is L-aspartate. Does not exhibit any decarboxylation activity toward glutamate.
Gene Name:
GADL1
Uniprot ID:
A6QM00
Molecular weight:
59380.0
Reactions
Cysteic acid → Taurine + Carbon dioxidedetails
General function:
Involved in chloride ion binding
Specific function:
Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine. Channel opening is also triggered by taurine and beta-alanine. Channel characteristics depend on the subunit composition; heteropentameric channels are activated by lower glycine levels and display faster desensitization (By similarity). Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability (PubMed:11178872). Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Channel activity is potentiated by ethanol (By similarity). Potentiation of channel activity by intoxicating levels of ethanol contribute to the sedative effects of ethanol (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GLRA1
Uniprot ID:
P57695
Molecular weight:
52614.0
General function:
Involved in taurine:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Sodium-dependent taurine and beta-alanine transporter.
Gene Name:
SLC6A6
Uniprot ID:
Q9MZ34
Molecular weight:
69751.0
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Cleaves glutathione conjugates.
Gene Name:
GGT6
Uniprot ID:
A7YWM1
Molecular weight:
49626.0
Reactions
Taurine + A (5-L-glutamyl)-peptide → 5-L-Glutamyl-taurine + Peptidedetails