Showing metabocard for Glycogen (BMDB0000757)

General function:

Signal transduction mechanisms

Specific function:

Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. Regulates NEK2 function in terms of kinase activity and centrosome number and splitting, both in the presence and absence of radiation-induced DNA damage. Regulator of neural tube and optic fissure closure, and enteric neural crest cell (ENCCs) migration during development. In balance with CSNK1D and CSNK1E, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. May dephosphorylate CSNK1D and CSNK1E (By similarity). Dephosphorylates CENPA (By similarity). Dephosphorylates the 'Ser-139' residue of ATG16L1 causing dissociation of ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex, thereby inhibiting autophagy (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PPP1CA

Uniprot ID:

Q3T0E7

Molecular weight:

37512.0

General function:

Signal transduction mechanisms

Specific function:

Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase (PP1) is essential for cell division, it participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. In balance with CSNK1D and CSNK1E, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. May dephosphorylate CSNK1D and CSNK1E (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PPP1CB

Uniprot ID:

Q3SWW9

Molecular weight:

37187.0

General function:

Signal transduction mechanisms

Specific function:

Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Dephosphorylates RPS6KB1. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. In balance with CSNK1D and CSNK1E, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. May dephosphorylate CSNK1D and CSNK1E (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PPP1CC

Uniprot ID:

P61287

Molecular weight:

36984.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Essential for the degradation of glycogen in lysosomes (PubMed:10723725). Has highest activity on alpha-1,4-linked glycosidic linkages, but can also hydrolyze alpha-1,6-linked glucans.

Gene Name:

GAA

Uniprot ID:

Q9MYM4

Molecular weight:

104757.0

Reactions

General function:

Replication, recombination and repair

Specific function:

Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling. Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nuclear translocation of XBP1 in a ER stress- and/or insulin-dependent manner during metabolic overloading in the liver and hence plays a role in glucose tolerance improvement (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PIK3R1

Uniprot ID:

P23727

Molecular weight:

83497.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PYGL

Uniprot ID:

Q0VCM4

Molecular weight:

97456.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for phosphatase PP1. Facilitates interaction of the PP1 with enzymes of the glycogen metabolism and regulates its activity. Suppresses the rate at which PP1 dephosphorylates (inactivates) glycogen phosphorylase and enhances the rate at which it activates glycogen synthase and therefore limits glycogen breakdown. Its activity is inhibited by PYGL, resulting in inhibition of the glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase phosphatase activities of PP1. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis upon overexpression in hepatocytes (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PPP1R3B

Uniprot ID:

A6QNP3

Molecular weight:

32383.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1 and regulates its activity. Activates glycogen synthase, reduces glycogen phosphorylase activity and limits glycogen breakdown. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis upon overexpression in a variety of cell types (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PPP1R3C

Uniprot ID:

Q0VCR4

Molecular weight:

36317.0

General function:

Involved in hormone activity

Specific function:

Selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilization and glycogen deposition in muscle, while not affecting adipocyte glucose metabolism.

Gene Name:

IAPP

Uniprot ID:

Q28207

Molecular weight:

9953.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

B1PK18

Molecular weight:

80977.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

LOC539383

Uniprot ID:

F1MP21

Molecular weight:

57041.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

AGL

Uniprot ID:

F1MHT1

Molecular weight:

174087.0

Reactions