Showing metabocard for Glutathione (BMDB0000125)

General function:

Involved in carboxylesterase activity

Specific function:

Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde.

Gene Name:

ESD

Uniprot ID:

Q08E20

Molecular weight:

31548.0

General function:

Involved in ATP binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSS

Uniprot ID:

Q5EAC2

Molecular weight:

52066.0

Reactions

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Involved in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and the regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis (By similarity). Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling.

Gene Name:

TXNRD2

Uniprot ID:

Q9N2I8

Molecular weight:

54670.0

Reactions

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins (By similarity). Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide (By similarity). Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. The presence of selenocysteine (Sec) versus Cys at the active site is essential for life: it provides resistance to overoxidation and prevents cells against ferroptosis. The presence of Sec at the active site is also essential for the survival of a specific type of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, thereby preventing against fatal epileptic seizures. May be required to protect cells from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells. Plays a role in a primary T-cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T-cells from ferroptosis and by supporting T-cell expansion (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GPX4

Uniprot ID:

Q9N2J2

Molecular weight:

22240.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione.

Gene Name:

GPX3

Uniprot ID:

P37141

Molecular weight:

25663.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown.

Gene Name:

GPX1

Uniprot ID:

P00435

Molecular weight:

22659.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

NADPH-dependent reductase with broad substrate specificity. Catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds including quinones, prostaglandins, menadione, plus various xenobiotics. Catalyzes the reduction of the antitumor anthracyclines doxorubicin and daunorubicin to the cardiotoxic compounds doxorubicinol and daunorubicinol. Can convert prostaglandin E2 to prostaglandin F2-alpha. Can bind glutathione, which explains its higher affinity for glutathione-conjugated substrates. Catalyzes the reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione (By similarity).

Gene Name:

CBR1

Uniprot ID:

Q3SZD7

Molecular weight:

30533.0

General function:

Involved in enzyme activator activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 with reduced glutathione to form leukotriene C4.

Gene Name:

LTC4S

Uniprot ID:

Q2NKS0

Molecular weight:

16701.0

Reactions

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Also binds steroids, bilirubin, carcinogens and numerous organic anions. Has dichloromethane dehalogenase activity.

Gene Name:

GSTT1

Uniprot ID:

Q2NL00

Molecular weight:

27149.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Also functions as a glutathione peroxidase.

Gene Name:

MGST3

Uniprot ID:

Q3T100

Molecular weight:

16884.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSTA4

Uniprot ID:

Q32L24

Molecular weight:

25673.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Has a wide substrate specificity (By similarity).

Gene Name:

MGST1

Uniprot ID:

Q64L89

Molecular weight:

17645.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Protects against the thiol-mediated metal-catalysed oxidative inactivation of enzymes.

Gene Name:

GSTM1

Uniprot ID:

Q9N0V4

Molecular weight:

25635.0

General function:

Involved in hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Thiolesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoyl-glutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid.

Gene Name:

HAGH

Uniprot ID:

Q3B7M2

Molecular weight:

34089.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

Q9TQX5

Molecular weight:

2292.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.

Gene Name:

GSTA4

Uniprot ID:

Q5E9G0

Molecular weight:

25659.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSTM3

Uniprot ID:

Q2KIV8

Molecular weight:

26850.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSTA3

Uniprot ID:

Q1JQ90

Molecular weight:

25650.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GPX7

Uniprot ID:

A6QLY2

Molecular weight:

20908.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

Q9TRQ0

Molecular weight:

2493.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSTA5

Uniprot ID:

A5PJE0

Molecular weight:

25394.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GSTP1

Uniprot ID:

P28801

Molecular weight:

23613.0

General function:

Involved in enzyme activator activity

Specific function:

Can catalyze the production of LTC4 from LTA4 and reduced glutathione. Can catalyze the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with reduced glutathione (By similarity).

Gene Name:

MGST2

Uniprot ID:

Q2KJG4

Molecular weight:

16483.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSTO1

Uniprot ID:

Q0VCE1

Molecular weight:

15808.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GPX8

Uniprot ID:

Q2NL01

Molecular weight:

23983.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Possesses significant protein thiol-disulfide oxidase activity.

Gene Name:

TXNDC12

Uniprot ID:

Q5E936

Molecular weight:

19222.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSTM4

Uniprot ID:

A1A4L7

Molecular weight:

25670.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.

Gene Name:

GSTA2

Uniprot ID:

O18879

Molecular weight:

25717.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Glutathione S-transferase that catalyzes the nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom of glutathione on the electrophilic groups of a wide range of exogenous and endogenous compounds. Involved in the formation of glutathione conjugates of both prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2). It also catalyzes the isomerization of D5-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) into D4-androstene-3,17-dione and may therefore play an important role in hormone biosynthesis. Through its glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity toward the fatty acid hydroperoxide (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate/13-HPODE it is also involved in the metabolism of oxidized linoleic acid.

Gene Name:

GSTA1

Uniprot ID:

Q28035

Molecular weight:

25452.0

General function:

Defense mechanisms

Specific function:

Mediates export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o-glucuronide, methotrexate, antiviral drugs and other xenobiotics. Confers resistance to anticancer drugs by decreasing accumulation of drug in cells, and by mediating ATP- and GSH-dependent drug export (PubMed:12067707). Hydrolyzes ATP with low efficiency. Catalyzes the export of sphingosine 1-phosphate from mast cells independently of their degranulation (By similarity). Participates in inflammatory response by allowing export of leukotriene C4 from leukotriene C4-synthezing cells (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ABCC1

Uniprot ID:

Q8HXQ5

Molecular weight:

171666.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSTM2

Uniprot ID:

A5PKM0

Molecular weight:

26842.0

General function:

Involved in glutathione transferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSTM1

Uniprot ID:

A4IFG0

Molecular weight:

25780.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Cleaves glutathione conjugates.

Gene Name:

GGT6

Uniprot ID:

A7YWM1

Molecular weight:

49626.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione.

Gene Name:

GLO1

Uniprot ID:

A4FUZ1

Molecular weight:

20766.0

Reactions