Showing metabocard for Epinephrine (BMDB0000068)

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of adrenal corticoids. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon hydrogen bond at 11-beta position of 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone/21-hydroxyprogesterone yielding cortisol or corticosterone, respectively. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate and reducing the second into a water molecule. Two electrons are provided by NADPH via a two-protein mitochondrial transfer system comprising flavoprotein FDXR (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin reductase) and nonheme iron-sulfur protein FDX1 or FDX2 (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin).

Gene Name:

CYP11B1

Uniprot ID:

P15150

Molecular weight:

57847.0

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the side-chain hydroxylation and cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the precursor of most steroid hormones (PubMed:11412116). Catalyzes three sequential oxidation reactions of cholesterol, namely the hydroxylation at C22 followed with the hydroxylation at C20 to yield 20R,22R-hydroxycholesterol that is further cleaved between C20 and C22 to yield the C21-steroid pregnenolone and 4-methylpentanal (PubMed:11412116). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate and reducing the second into a water molecule. Two electrons are provided by NADPH via a two-protein mitochondrial transfer system comprising flavoprotein FDXR (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin reductase) and nonheme iron-sulfur protein FDX1 or FDX2 (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin) (PubMed:11412116).

Gene Name:

CYP11A1

Uniprot ID:

P00189

Molecular weight:

60333.0

General function:

Involved in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase acti

Specific function:

Converts noradrenaline to adrenaline.

Gene Name:

PNMT

Uniprot ID:

P10938

Molecular weight:

30918.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catechol O-methyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol (By similarity).

Gene Name:

COMT

Uniprot ID:

A7MBI7

Molecular weight:

30485.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Gene Name:

MAOA

Uniprot ID:

P21398

Molecular weight:

59758.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in prostaglandin E receptor activity

Specific function:

Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. Has a relaxing effect on smooth muscle. May play an important role in regulating renal hemodynamics, intestinal epithelial transport, adrenal aldosterone secretion, and uterine function (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PTGER4

Uniprot ID:

Q8MJ08

Molecular weight:

53298.0

General function:

Involved in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor

Specific function:

This is a receptor for PACAP-27 and PACAP-38. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. May regulate the release of adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, epinephrine, and catecholamine. May play a role in spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Causes smooth muscle relaxation and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ADCYAP1R1

Uniprot ID:

Q29627

Molecular weight:

58785.0

General function:

Involved in beta2-adrenergic receptor activity

Specific function:

Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ADRB2

Uniprot ID:

Q28044

Molecular weight:

47136.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity. Mediates Ras activation through G(s)-alpha- and cAMP-mediated signaling (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of sleep/wake behaviors (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ADRB1

Uniprot ID:

Q9TT96

Molecular weight:

50137.0

General function:

Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning

Specific function:

Transcriptional activator. Seems to be essential for sexual differentiation and formation of the primary steroidogenic tissues. Binds to the Ad4 site found in the promoter region of steroidogenic P450 genes such as CYP11A, CYP11B and CYP21B. Also regulates the AMH/Muellerian inhibiting substance gene as well as the AHCH and STAR genes. 5'-YCAAGGYC-3' and 5'-RRAGGTCA-3' are the consensus sequences for the recognition by NR5A1. The SFPQ-NONO-NR5A1 complex binds to the CYP17 promoter and regulates basal and cAMP-dependent transcriptional activity. Binds phospholipids with a phosphatidylinositol (PI) headgroup, in particular PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3. Activated by the phosphorylation of NR5A1 by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation (By similarity).

Gene Name:

NR5A1

Uniprot ID:

Q04752

Molecular weight:

51613.0