Showing metabocard for Choline (BMDB0000097)

General function:

Involved in magnesium ion binding

Specific function:

Phosphatase that has high activity toward pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Also active at much lower level toward pyrophosphate, phosphoethanolamine (PEA), phosphocholine (PCho), phospho-l-tyrosine, fructose-6-phosphate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and h-glycerophosphate (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PHOSPHO2

Uniprot ID:

Q2KI06

Molecular weight:

27751.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The highest activity concerns the C6 to C10 chain length substrate.

Gene Name:

CROT

Uniprot ID:

O19094

Molecular weight:

70263.0

Reactions

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Has glycerophosphoinositol phosphodiesterase activity. Hydrolyzes lysoglycerophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and the corresponding amines. Has little or no activity towards glycerophosphocholine. GDE1 activity can be modulated by G-protein signaling pathways (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GDE1

Uniprot ID:

Q3T0T0

Molecular weight:

37653.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Terminates signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction by rapid hydrolysis of the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft.

Gene Name:

ACHE

Uniprot ID:

P23795

Molecular weight:

67664.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in NAPE-specific phospholipase D activity

Specific function:

5'->3' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (By similarity). Regulates inflammatory cytokine responses via the degradation of nucleic acids, by reducing the concentration of ssDNA able to stimulate TLR9, a nucleotide-sensing receptor in collaboration with PLD4 (By similarity). May be important in myotube formation. Plays a role in lysosomal homeostasis. Involved in the regulation of endosomal protein sorting (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PLD3

Uniprot ID:

Q2KJJ8

Molecular weight:

54619.0

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters (By similarity).

Gene Name:

BCHE

Uniprot ID:

P32749

Molecular weight:

68867.0

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

May have a role in signal-induced cytoskeletal regulation and/or endocytosis.

Gene Name:

PLD2

Uniprot ID:

Q0V8L6

Molecular weight:

105766.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin-dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SLC22A1

Uniprot ID:

A7MBE0

Molecular weight:

62502.0

General function:

Involved in transport

Specific function:

Choline transporter.

Gene Name:

SLC44A2

Uniprot ID:

A5D7H3

Molecular weight:

80027.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Choline transporter that plays a role in the choline-acetylcholine system and is required to the efferent innervation of hair cells in the olivocochlear bundle for the maintenance of physiological function of outer hair cells and the protection of hair cells from acoustic injury (By similarity). Also described as a thiamine pyrophosphate transporter in colon, may mediate the absorption of microbiota-generated thiamine pyrophosphate and contribute to host thiamine (vitamin B1) homeostasis (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SLC44A4

Uniprot ID:

A3KMY4

Molecular weight:

78938.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

SLC44A3

Uniprot ID:

A5PK40

Molecular weight:

73220.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Functions as a sodium-dependent amino acid transporter. Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive and electrogenic cotransport of neutral amino acids and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. May function in the transport of amino acids at the blood-brain barrier and in the supply of maternal nutrients to the fetus through the placenta (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SLC38A2

Uniprot ID:

A2VE31

Molecular weight:

56214.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

SLC5A7

Uniprot ID:

Q2KI26

Molecular weight:

63385.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CHKA

Uniprot ID:

F1MI39

Molecular weight:

64756.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Catalyzes a base-exchange reaction in which the polar head group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) is replaced by L-serine. In membranes, PTDSS1 catalyzes mainly the conversion of phosphatidylcholine. Also converts, in vitro and to a lesser extent, phosphatidylethanolamine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PTDSS1

Uniprot ID:

Q2KHY9

Molecular weight:

55416.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CHDH

Uniprot ID:

E1BES2

Molecular weight:

65518.0

Reactions