Showing metabocard for NAD (BMDB0000902)

General function:

Inorganic ion transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets.

Gene Name:

NOS3

Uniprot ID:

P29473

Molecular weight:

133287.0

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. Plays a critical role in protecting pancreatic beta-cells against oxidant stress, possibly by protecting the cell from excess buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (By similarity).

Gene Name:

CYB5R4

Uniprot ID:

Q32LH7

Molecular weight:

59274.0

General function:

Inorganic ion transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such PTGS2/COX2. As component of the iNOS-S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex involved in the selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH implicated in regulation of the GAIT complex activity and probably multiple targets including ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM. Involved in inflammation, enhances the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators such as IL6 and IL8.

Gene Name:

NOS2

Uniprot ID:

Q27995

Molecular weight:

131208.0

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the reduction of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (KDS) to dihydrosphingosine (DHS).

Gene Name:

KDSR

Uniprot ID:

Q2KIJ5

Molecular weight:

36020.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

NDUFS7

Uniprot ID:

P42026

Molecular weight:

23771.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

NDUFS2

Uniprot ID:

P17694

Molecular weight:

52556.0

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the formation of NAD(+) from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP. Can also use the deamidated form; nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) as substrate with the same efficiency. Can use triazofurin monophosphate (TrMP) as substrate. Also catalyzes the reverse reaction, i.e. the pyrophosphorolytic cleavage of NAD(+). For the pyrophosphorolytic activity, prefers NAD(+) and NaAD as substrates and degrades NADH, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NHD) and nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD) less effectively. Involved in the synthesis of ATP in the nucleus, together with PARP1, PARG and NUDT5. Nuclear ATP generation is required for extensive chromatin remodeling events that are energy-consuming. Fails to cleave phosphorylated dinucleotides NADP(+), NADPH and NaADP(+) (By similarity). Protects against axonal degeneration following mechanical or toxic insults (By similarity).

Gene Name:

NMNAT1

Uniprot ID:

Q0VD50

Molecular weight:

32200.0

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Nicotinamide/nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase that acts as an axon maintenance factor (By similarity). Catalyzes the formation of NAD(+) from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP. Can also use the deamidated form; nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) as substrate but with a lower efficiency. Cannot use triazofurin monophosphate (TrMP) as substrate. Also catalyzes the reverse reaction, i.e. the pyrophosphorolytic cleavage of NAD(+). For the pyrophosphorolytic activity prefers NAD(+), NADH and NaAD as substrates and degrades nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NHD) less effectively. Fails to cleave phosphorylated dinucleotides NADP(+), NADPH and NaADP(+) (By similarity). Axon survival factor required for the maintenance of healthy axons: acts by delaying Wallerian axon degeneration, an evolutionarily conserved process that drives the loss of damaged axons (By similarity).

Gene Name:

NMNAT2

Uniprot ID:

Q0VC59

Molecular weight:

34468.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Reduces all-trans-retinal and 9-cis retinal. Can also catalyze the oxidation of all-trans-retinol with NADP as co-factor, but with much lower efficiency. Reduces alkyl phenyl ketones and alpha-dicarbonyl compounds with aromatic rings, such as pyrimidine-4-aldehyde, 3-benzoylpyridine, 4-benzoylpyridine, menadione and 4-hexanoylpyridine. Has no activity towards aliphatic aldehydes and ketones (By similarity).

Gene Name:

DHRS4

Uniprot ID:

Q8SPU8

Molecular weight:

29440.0

General function:

Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones

Specific function:

Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidative cleavage of spermidine and the subsequent transfer of the butylamine moiety of spermidine to the epsilon-amino group of a critical lysine residue of the eIF-5A precursor protein to form the intermediate deoxyhypusine residue. This is the first step of the post-translational modification of that lysine into an unusual amino acid residue named hypusine. Hypusination is unique to mature eIF-5A factor and is essential for its function.

Gene Name:

DHPS

Uniprot ID:

Q6EWQ6

Molecular weight:

41029.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules. Also participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GAPDH

Uniprot ID:

P10096

Molecular weight:

35868.0

Reactions

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

May play an important role in regulating the switch between different pathways for energy production during spermiogenesis and in the spermatozoon. Required for sperm motility and male fertility (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GAPDHS

Uniprot ID:

Q2KJE5

Molecular weight:

43288.0

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CRYL1

Uniprot ID:

Q8SPX7

Molecular weight:

35072.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA.

Gene Name:

ALDH6A1

Uniprot ID:

Q07536

Molecular weight:

58063.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Critical branch point enzyme of isoprenoid biosynthesis that is thought to regulate the flux of isoprene intermediates through the sterol pathway.

Gene Name:

FDFT1

Uniprot ID:

Q32KR6

Molecular weight:

48304.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

C5IX89

Molecular weight:

68329.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

MT-ND1

Uniprot ID:

P03887

Molecular weight:

35670.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

C5IXE1

Molecular weight:

68117.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND2

Uniprot ID:

B1NZU0

Molecular weight:

39284.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

Q3L5H4

Molecular weight:

68270.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

B1NZ26

Molecular weight:

68270.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

NDUFV2

Uniprot ID:

P04394

Molecular weight:

27308.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

B1P0B8

Molecular weight:

68316.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ND1

Uniprot ID:

B1P0I6

Molecular weight:

35652.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

B1P0J6

Molecular weight:

68201.0

General function:

Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND4L

Uniprot ID:

Q3L5T0

Molecular weight:

10765.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND4

Uniprot ID:

C5IX88

Molecular weight:

52085.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ND1

Uniprot ID:

Q3L5J7

Molecular weight:

35636.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND4

Uniprot ID:

B1P078

Molecular weight:

52113.0

General function:

Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND6

Uniprot ID:

B1P0N6

Molecular weight:

19018.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

B1P092

Molecular weight:

68272.0

General function:

Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

MT-ND6

Uniprot ID:

P03924

Molecular weight:

19078.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

B1P0N5

Molecular weight:

68175.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND6

Uniprot ID:

B1NZ92

Molecular weight:

19106.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

A4ZI01

Molecular weight:

11807.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

MT-ND5

Uniprot ID:

P03920

Molecular weight:

68286.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. This is the largest subunit of complex I and it is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme. It may form part of the active site crevice where NADH is oxidized.

Gene Name:

NDUFS1

Uniprot ID:

P15690

Molecular weight:

79442.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND4

Uniprot ID:

C5IX62

Molecular weight:

52069.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND2

Uniprot ID:

B1P044

Molecular weight:

39224.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND2

Uniprot ID:

B1P0M6

Molecular weight:

39236.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

B1P0M2

Molecular weight:

68145.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

C5IX37

Molecular weight:

68260.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

MT-ND4

Uniprot ID:

P03910

Molecular weight:

52099.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND5

Uniprot ID:

B1P027

Molecular weight:

68313.0

General function:

Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

MT-ND4L

Uniprot ID:

P03902

Molecular weight:

10797.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

NDUFS3

Uniprot ID:

P23709

Molecular weight:

30284.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND4

Uniprot ID:

B1NZ38

Molecular weight:

52131.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

MT-ND3

Uniprot ID:

P03898

Molecular weight:

13055.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

MT-ND2

Uniprot ID:

P03892

Molecular weight:

39254.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Gene Name:

ND3

Uniprot ID:

B1P0L9

Molecular weight:

13085.0