Showing metabocard for Sucrose (BMDB0000258)

General function:

Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis

Specific function:

Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. May participate in synthesis of oncofetal fibronectin. Has activity toward Muc1a, Muc2, EA2 and fibronectin peptides (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GALNT6

Uniprot ID:

Q5EA41

Molecular weight:

71138.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. Has a broad spectrum of substrates for peptides such as EA2, Muc5AC, Muc1a, Muc1b and Muc7.

Gene Name:

GALNT1

Uniprot ID:

Q07537

Molecular weight:

64192.0

General function:

Replication, recombination and repair

Specific function:

Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 are DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. Does also incise at AP sites in the DNA strand of DNA/RNA hybrids, single-stranded DNA regions of R-loop structures, and single-stranded RNA molecules. Has a 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity on mismatched deoxyribonucleotides at the 3' termini of nicked or gapped DNA molecules during short-patch BER. Possesses a DNA 3' phosphodiesterase activity capable of removing lesions (such as phosphoglycolate) blocking the 3' side of DNA strand breaks. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation. Acts as a loading factor for POLB onto non-incised AP sites in DNA and stimulates the 5'-terminal deoxyribose 5'-phosphate (dRp) excision activity of POLB. Plays a role in the protection from granzymes-mediated cellular repair leading to cell death. Also involved in the DNA cleavage step of class switch recombination (CSR). On the other hand, APEX1 also exerts reversible nuclear redox activity to regulate DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity of transcriptional factors by controlling the redox status of their DNA-binding domain, such as the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex after exposure to IR. Involved in calcium-dependent down-regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression by binding to negative calcium response elements (nCaREs). Together with HNRNPL or the dimer XRCC5/XRCC6, associates with nCaRE, acting as an activator of transcriptional repression. Stimulates the YBX1-mediated MDR1 promoter activity, when acetylated at Lys-6 and Lys-7, leading to drug resistance. Acts also as an endoribonuclease involved in the control of single-stranded RNA metabolism. Plays a role in regulating MYC mRNA turnover by preferentially cleaving in between UA and CA dinucleotides of the MYC coding region determinant (CRD). In association with NMD1, plays a role in the rRNA quality control process during cell cycle progression. Associates, together with YBX1, on the MDR1 promoter. Together with NPM1, associates with rRNA. Binds DNA and RNA (By similarity).

Gene Name:

APEX1

Uniprot ID:

P23196

Molecular weight:

35570.0

General function:

Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GALNT6

Uniprot ID:

A6H6Z5

Molecular weight:

71152.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GALNT13

Uniprot ID:

Q08DM9

Molecular weight:

64063.0

General function:

Replication, recombination and repair

Specific function:

Bifunctional DNA N-glycosylase with associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase function that catalyzes the first step in base excision repair (BER), the primary repair pathway for the repair of oxidative DNA damage. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases the damaged DNA base from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP site. The AP lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination. Primarily recognizes and repairs oxidative base damage of pyrimidines.

Gene Name:

NTHL1

Uniprot ID:

Q2KID2

Molecular weight:

33645.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Essential for the degradation of glycogen in lysosomes (PubMed:10723725). Has highest activity on alpha-1,4-linked glycosidic linkages, but can also hydrolyze alpha-1,6-linked glucans.

Gene Name:

GAA

Uniprot ID:

Q9MYM4

Molecular weight:

104757.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

MASP1

Uniprot ID:

Q08DW4

Molecular weight:

81268.0

General function:

Replication, recombination and repair

Specific function:

Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Has DNA glycosylase activity towards 5-hydroxyuracil and other oxidized derivatives of cytosine with a preference for mismatched double-stranded DNA (DNA bubbles). Has low or no DNA glycosylase activity towards thymine glycol, 2-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine and 8-oxoguanine. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3'- and 5'-phosphates (By similarity).

Gene Name:

NEIL2

Uniprot ID:

Q6IE77

Molecular weight:

36392.0

General function:

Involved in 3'-5' exonuclease activity

Specific function:

Nuclease involved in single-strand and double-strand DNA break repair. Recruited to sites of DNA damage through interaction with poly(ADP-ribose), a polymeric post-translational modification synthesized transiently at sites of chromosomal damage to accelerate DNA strand break repair reactions. Displays apurinic-apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease and 3'-5' exonuclease activities in vitro. Also able to introduce nicks at hydroxyuracil and other types of pyrimidine base damage. Together with PARP3, promotes the retention of the LIG4-XRCC4 complex on chromatin and accelerate DNA ligation during non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ).

Gene Name:

APLF

Uniprot ID:

A0JNH9

Molecular weight:

54326.0

General function:

Involved in receptor activity

Specific function:

Receptor for secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). Also able to bind to snake PA2-like toxins. Although its precise function remains unclear, binding of sPLA2 to its receptor participates in both positive and negative regulation of sPLA2 functions as well as clearance of sPLA2. Binding of sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B induces various effects depending on the cell type, such as activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade to induce cell proliferation, the production of lipid mediators, selective release of arachidonic acid in bone marrow-derived mast cells. In neutrophils, binding of sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B can activate p38 MAPK to stimulate elastase release and cell adhesion. May be involved in responses in proinflammatory cytokine productions during endotoxic shock. Also has endocytic properties and rapidly internalizes sPLA2 ligands, which is particularly important for the clearance of extracellular sPLA2s to protect their potent enzymatic activities. The soluble secretory phospholipase A2 receptor form is circulating and acts as a negative regulator of sPLA2 functions by blocking the biological functions of sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B and sPLA2-X/PLA2G10.

Gene Name:

PLA2R1

Uniprot ID:

P49259

Molecular weight:

168651.0

General function:

Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis

Specific function:

Controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. Most likely involved in regulating the availability of precursors for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GFPT2

Uniprot ID:

Q08DQ2

Molecular weight:

77081.0

General function:

Replication, recombination and repair

Specific function:

Functions as a weak apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. Displays also double-stranded DNA 3'-5' exonuclease, 3'-phosphodiesterase activities. Shows robust 3'-5' exonuclease activity on 3'-recessed heteroduplex DNA and is able to remove mismatched nucleotides preferentially. Shows fairly strong 3'-phosphodiesterase activity involved in the removal of 3'-damaged termini formed in DNA by oxidative agents. In the nucleus functions in the PCNA-dependent BER pathway. Required for somatic hypermutation (SHM) and DNA cleavage step of class switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin genes. Required for proper cell cycle progression during proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes (By similarity).

Gene Name:

APEX2

Uniprot ID:

Q5E9N9

Molecular weight:

56938.0

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Scavenger receptor that displays several functions associated with host defense. Promotes binding and phagocytosis of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. Mediates the recognition, internalization and degradation of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by vascular endothelial cells. Binds to several carbohydrates including Gal-type ligands, D-galactose, L- and D-fucose, GalNAc, T and Tn antigens in a calcium-dependent manner and internalizes specifically GalNAc in nurse-like cells. Binds also to sialyl Lewis X or a trisaccharide and asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR) (By similarity).

Gene Name:

COLEC12

Uniprot ID:

A6QP79

Molecular weight:

81751.0

General function:

Involved in sugar binding

Specific function:

Galectin that binds lactose and a related range of sugars. May be involved in the assembly of adherens junctions (By similarity).

Gene Name:

LGALS4

Uniprot ID:

Q3T0D6

Molecular weight:

37171.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

MBL-A

Uniprot ID:

Q5I2B0

Molecular weight:

26308.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GALNT16

Uniprot ID:

A6QLD9

Molecular weight:

62727.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GALNT4

Uniprot ID:

A7YY74

Molecular weight:

66549.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GALNT12

Uniprot ID:

A6QLX6

Molecular weight:

66725.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GALNTL4

Uniprot ID:

Q0IIK7

Molecular weight:

69508.0

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

LGALS3

Uniprot ID:

A6QLZ0

Molecular weight:

27646.0

General function:

Involved in cation binding

Specific function:

Carbohydrate-binding lectin with a preference for chitin. Has no chitinase activity. May play a role in tissue remodeling and in the capacity of cells to respond to and cope with changes in their environment. Plays a role in T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) inflammatory response and IL-13-induced inflammation, regulating allergen sensitization, inflammatory cell apoptosis, dendritic cell accumulation and M2 macrophage differentiation. Facilitates invasion of pathogenic enteric bacteria into colonic mucosa and lymphoid organs. Mediates activation of AKT1 signaling pathway and subsequent IL8 production in colonic epithelial cells. Regulates antibacterial responses in lung by contributing to macrophage bacterial killing, controlling bacterial dissemination and augmenting host tolerance. Also regulates hyperoxia-induced injury, inflammation and epithelial apoptosis in lung (By similarity).

Gene Name:

CHI3L1

Uniprot ID:

P30922

Molecular weight:

43032.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

SLC35A2

Uniprot ID:

Q8SPM1

Molecular weight:

41437.0

General function:

Involved in protein binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

SELPLG

Uniprot ID:

A7WPA6

Molecular weight:

45236.0

General function:

Involved in G-protein coupled receptor activity

Specific function:

Plays a role in cell-cell adhesion and neuron guidance via its interactions with FLRT2 and FLRT3 that are expressed at the surface of adjacent cells. Plays a role in the development of glutamatergic synapses in the cortex. Important in determining the connectivity rates between the principal neurons in the cortex.

Gene Name:

ADGRL3

Uniprot ID:

O97827

Molecular weight:

176051.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

In presence of calcium ions, it binds to surfactant phospholipids and contributes to lower the surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli of the mammalian lung and is essential for normal respiration. Enhances the expression of MYO18A/SP-R210 on alveolar macrophages.

Gene Name:

SFTPA1

Uniprot ID:

Q6RXL1

Molecular weight:

26381.0

General function:

Involved in sugar binding

Specific function:

Binds high-mannose carbohydrates in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner (By similarity). Functional receptor for alpha-mannans on C.albicans hypheas. Plays an important role in the host defense against C.albicans infection by inducing TH17 cell differentiation. Recognizes also, in a mannose-dependent manner, allergens from house dust mite and fungi, by promoting cysteinyl leukotriene production. Recognizes soluble elements from the eggs of Shistosoma mansoni altering adaptive immune responses. Transduces signals through an Fc receptor gamma chain /FCER1G and Syk-CARD9-NF-kappa-B-dependent pathway (By similarity).

Gene Name:

CLEC6A

Uniprot ID:

Q3LUH2

Molecular weight:

23738.0

General function:

Involved in receptor activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

KLRJ1

Uniprot ID:

A6QPD3

Molecular weight:

31350.0

General function:

Involved in sugar binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

REG4

Uniprot ID:

Q3ZCG9

Molecular weight:

18401.0

General function:

Involved in G-protein coupled receptor activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

O97806

Molecular weight:

152642.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Calcium-binding chaperone that promotes folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin interacts transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER. Interacts with the DNA-binding domain of NR3C1 and mediates its nuclear export. Involved in maternal gene expression regulation. May participate in oocyte maturation via the regulation of calcium homeostasis.

Gene Name:

CALR

Uniprot ID:

P52193

Molecular weight:

48039.0

General function:

Involved in receptor activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

KLRJ1

Uniprot ID:

Q863I0

Molecular weight:

31336.0

General function:

Involved in MHC class I protein binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

KLRC

Uniprot ID:

Q95JG6

Molecular weight:

9429.0

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

APCS

Uniprot ID:

Q3T004

Molecular weight:

25183.0

General function:

Involved in receptor activity

Specific function:

Plays a role as a receptor for the recognition of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by NK cells and some cytotoxic T-cells.

Gene Name:

KLRD1

Uniprot ID:

Q863H3

Molecular weight:

21927.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Insulin-regulated facilitative glucose transporter, which plays a key role in removal of glucose from circulation. Response to insulin is regulated by its intracellular localization: in the absence of insulin, it is efficiently retained intracellularly within storage compartments in muscle and fat cells. Upon insulin stimulation, translocates from these compartments to the cell surface where it transports glucose from the extracellular milieu into the cell.

Gene Name:

SLC2A4

Uniprot ID:

Q27994

Molecular weight:

55084.0

General function:

Involved in protein binding

Specific function:

Cell-surface glycoprotein having a role in immunoadhesion. Mediates in the adhesion of blood neutrophils in cytokine-activated endothelium through interaction with SELPLG/PSGL1. May have a role in capillary morphogenesis.

Gene Name:

SELE

Uniprot ID:

P98107

Molecular weight:

53200.0

General function:

Involved in sugar binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

Q56JW0

Molecular weight:

17784.0

General function:

Involved in receptor activity

Specific function:

Cell surface receptor that protects target cells against natural killer cell-mediated lysis. Modulates signaling cascades and mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of target MAP kinases (By similarity).

Gene Name:

CLEC12B

Uniprot ID:

Q2NL33

Molecular weight:

31835.0

General function:

Involved in nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

SLC35A5

Uniprot ID:

A6QPI1

Molecular weight:

48142.0

General function:

Involved in G-protein coupled receptor activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

O97804

Molecular weight:

152741.0

General function:

Involved in sugar binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

LGALS8

Uniprot ID:

Q2YDD7

Molecular weight:

40127.0

General function:

Involved in protein binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

Q32SI4

Molecular weight:

45383.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Facilitative glucose transporter, which is responsible for constitutive or basal glucose uptake. Has a very broad substrate specificity; can transport a wide range of aldoses including both pentoses and hexoses. Most important energy carrier of the brain: present at the blood-brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, facilitative transport of glucose into the brain.

Gene Name:

SLC2A1

Uniprot ID:

P27674

Molecular weight:

54132.0

General function:

Involved in sugar binding

Specific function:

Receptor that mediates the recognition, internalization and degradation of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by vascular endothelial cells. OxLDL is a marker of atherosclerosis that induces vascular endothelial cell activation and dysfunction, resulting in pro-inflammatory responses, pro-oxidative conditions and apoptosis. Its association with oxLDL induces the activation of NF-kappa-B through an increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen and a variety of pro-atherogenic cellular responses including a reduction of nitric oxide (NO) release, monocyte adhesion and apoptosis. In addition to binding oxLDL, it acts as a receptor for the HSP70 protein involved in antigen cross-presentation to naive T-cells in dendritic cells, thereby participating in cell-mediated antigen cross-presentation. Also involved in inflammatory process, by acting as a leukocyte-adhesion molecule at the vascular interface in endotoxin-induced inflammation. Also acts as a receptor for advanced glycation end (AGE) products, activated platelets, monocytes, apoptotic cells and both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Gene Name:

OLR1

Uniprot ID:

P79391

Molecular weight:

30892.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Insulin-regulated facilitative hexose transporter that mediates the transport of glucose and fructose. Also able to mediate the transport of dehydroascorbate.

Gene Name:

SLC2A8

Uniprot ID:

P58354

Molecular weight:

51417.0

General function:

Involved in sugar binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

LGALS2

Uniprot ID:

Q0VBW6

Molecular weight:

13487.0

General function:

Involved in G-protein coupled receptor activity

Specific function:

Calcium-independent receptor of low affinity for alpha-latrotoxin, an excitatory neurotoxin present in black widow spider venom which triggers massive exocytosis from neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Receptor probably implicated in the regulation of exocytosis.

Gene Name:

ADGRL2

Uniprot ID:

O97817

Molecular weight:

165547.0

General function:

Involved in protein homodimerization activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ASGR1

Uniprot ID:

Q32KM0

Molecular weight:

32369.0

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CL43

Uniprot ID:

B7FEK7

Molecular weight:

33616.0