Bovine Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Guanosine triphosphate (BMDB0001273)

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Identification Taxonomy Physical properties Pathways Spectra Concentrations Links References enzymes (18) Show 18 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-09-30 22:43:27 UTC

Update Date

2020-05-21 16:29:08 UTC

BMDB ID

BMDB0001273

Secondary Accession Numbers

BMDB01273

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Guanosine triphosphate

Description

Guanosine triphosphate, also known as 5'-GTP or guanosine triphosphate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside triphosphates. These are purine ribobucleotides with a triphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. Guanosine triphosphate is possibly soluble (in water) and a moderately basic compound (based on its pKa). Guanosine triphosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In cattle, guanosine triphosphate is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include the intracellular signalling through adenosine receptor A2A and adenosine pathway and the intracellular signalling through adenosine receptor A2B and adenosine pathway.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
5'-GTP	ChEBI
Guanosine 5'-triphosphate	ChEBI
Guanosine 5'-triphosphoric acid	ChEBI
GUANOSINE-5'-triphosphATE	ChEBI
H4GTP	ChEBI
GUANOSINE-5'-triphosphoric acid	Generator
Guanosine triphosphoric acid	Generator
GTG	HMDB
GTP	HMDB
Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)	HMDB
Guanosine 5'-triphosphorate	HMDB
Guanosine mono(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) (ester)	HMDB
Triphosphate, guanosine	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₀H₁₆N₅O₁₄P₃

Average Molecular Weight

523.1804

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

522.990659781

IUPAC Name

({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphonic acid

Traditional Name

triphosphate, guanosine

CAS Registry Number

86-01-1

SMILES

NC1=NC2=C(N=CN2[C@@H]2O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C(=O)N1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C10H16N5O14P3/c11-10-13-7-4(8(18)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(17)5(16)3(27-9)1-26-31(22,23)29-32(24,25)28-30(19,20)21/h2-3,5-6,9,16-17H,1H2,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H2,19,20,21)(H3,11,13,14,18)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1

InChI Key

XKMLYUALXHKNFT-UUOKFMHZSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside triphosphates. These are purine ribobucleotides with a triphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues

Class

Purine nucleotides

Sub Class

Purine ribonucleotides

Direct Parent

Purine ribonucleoside triphosphates

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate
Pentose phosphate
Pentose-5-phosphate
Glycosyl compound
N-glycosyl compound
Monosaccharide phosphate
Imidazopyrimidine
Purine
Monoalkyl phosphate
Hydroxypyrimidine
Alkyl phosphate
Pyrimidine
Monosaccharide
Phosphoric acid ester
N-substituted imidazole
Organic phosphoric acid derivative
Heteroaromatic compound
Azole
Imidazole
Tetrahydrofuran
Secondary alcohol
1,2-diol
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Azacycle
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Alcohol
Organic oxygen compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organooxygen compound
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

guanosine 5'-phosphate (CHEBI:15996 )
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate (CHEBI:15996 )
Ribonucleotides (C00044 )

Ontology

Status

Expected but not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleus

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.63	ALOGPS
logP	-3.7	ChemAxon
logS	-1.7	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	0.9	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-1.9	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	14	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	8	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	294.81 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	8	ChemAxon
Refractivity	97.24 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	39.81 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	3	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-056v-8895330000-0a8a2d408be3cbe00023	View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0zos-8469026000-e08a35d5d35a9e63303c	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-006t-0000970000-ed775d45b7d4c3b969df	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0002-0000920000-eea0cfe4824f5aee7e4a	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-0900000000-895098906ea44c18ea43	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-1910300000-cbc290b8c193beb6665f	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-05fr-0910760000-0149aa219d4b60fa61f4	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-1910300000-8315c93064efa4da6b1b	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-1910300000-2664d57dfe06bffb291e	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-00di-0100090000-b5bdb718aeaf9666be2a	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a6r-4910000000-13c0865e4dfdc30cae73	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0911220000-75ec8e10f63e3aae4b1f	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0900000000-2b6055d302734ab3eecf	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0900000000-936551c9f8ce17b0cbfd	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0fk9-0730090000-511cdeecbbfb6b7c8615	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0zir-4930000000-cc969f818e5f659cd09c	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-004i-9300000000-dff84bbb768f44c2c74b	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0900020000-66587b5a3e1149d9032f	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0900010000-2351199532a3a6242774	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0901000000-7daab2908ef3ebe15a5a	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-00di-0000190000-a7b3d2c63ee2ad144d4d	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0fi0-9742370000-3cb9d3e33126e947b5dd	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-004i-9200100000-29fc63b8efb32dd43b52	View in MoNA
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleus

Biospecimen Locations

Neuron
Placenta
Platelet
Testis

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/Pathwhiz	KEGG
Citric Acid Cycle		Not Available
Aspartate Metabolism		Not Available
Fructose and Mannose Degradation		Not Available
Gluconeogenesis		Not Available
Pyruvate Metabolism		Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Neuron	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Placenta	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Platelet	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details
Testis	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	Not Applicable	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0001273

DrugBank ID

DB04137

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

Guanosine triphosphate

METLIN ID

6128

PubChem Compound

6830

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

15996

References

Synthesis Reference

Stiller, Regine; Thiem, Joachim. Preparative enzymatic conversion of guanosine-5'-monophosphate to guanosine-5'-triphosphate. Synlett (1990), (11), 709-10.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Not Available

General References

Not Available

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1

General function:: Signal transduction mechanisms
Specific function:: Mediates responses to nitric oxide (NO) by catalyzing the biosynthesis of the signaling molecule cGMP.
Gene Name:: GUCY1B1
Uniprot ID:: P16068
Molecular weight:: 70502.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate → Guanosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + Pyrophosphate	details
Guanosine triphosphate → Cyclic GMP	details

Enzyme Details

2. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8

General function:: Not Available
Specific function:: Canalicular ectonucleoside NTPDase responsible for the main hepatic NTPDase activity. Ectonucleoside NTPDases catalyze the hydrolysis of gamma- and beta-phosphate residues of nucleotides, playing a central role in concentration of extracellular nucleotides. Has activity toward ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP, but not toward AMP (By similarity).
Gene Name:: ENTPD8
Uniprot ID:: A0JND9
Molecular weight:: 53240.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate + Water → Guanosine diphosphate + Hydrogen phosphate	details

Enzyme Details

3. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7

General function:: Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate (By similarity).
Gene Name:: NME7
Uniprot ID:: Q5E9Y9
Molecular weight:: 42599.0

Reactions

Adenosine triphosphate + Guanosine diphosphate → ADP + Guanosine triphosphate	details

Enzyme Details

4. Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1

General function:: Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Component of the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC), which interconverts IMP and AMP to regulate the nucleotide levels in various tissues, and which contributes to glycolysis and ammoniagenesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP.
Gene Name:: ADSS1
Uniprot ID:: A5PJR4
Molecular weight:: 50134.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate + Inosinic acid + L-Aspartic acid → Guanosine diphosphate + Hydrogen phosphate + Adenylsuccinic acid	details

Enzyme Details

5. Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase

General function:: Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes the non-canonical purine nucleotides inosine triphosphate (ITP), deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) as well as 2'-deoxy-N-6-hydroxylaminopurine triposphate (dHAPTP) and xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) to their respective monophosphate derivatives. The enzyme does not distinguish between the deoxy- and ribose forms. Probably excludes non-canonical purines from RNA and DNA precursor pools, thus preventing their incorporation into RNA and DNA and avoiding chromosomal lesions.
Gene Name:: ITPA
Uniprot ID:: Q2KIC5
Molecular weight:: 23061.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate + Water → Guanosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

6. Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2

General function:: Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Plays an important role in the de novo pathway and in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP.
Gene Name:: ADSS2
Uniprot ID:: A7MBG0
Molecular weight:: 50156.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate + Inosinic acid + L-Aspartic acid → Guanosine diphosphate + Hydrogen phosphate + Adenylsuccinic acid	details

Enzyme Details

7. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]

General function:: Energy production and conversion
Specific function:: Regulates cataplerosis and anaplerosis, the processes that control the levels of metabolic intermediates in the citric acid cycle. At low glucose levels, it catalyzes the cataplerotic conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle. At high glucose levels, it catalyzes the anaplerotic conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate.
Gene Name:: PCK1
Uniprot ID:: Q8HYZ4
Molecular weight:: 69353.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate + Oxalacetic acid → Guanosine diphosphate + Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + Carbon dioxide	details

Enzyme Details

8. Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial

General function:: Energy production and conversion
Specific function:: Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and specificity for either ATP or GTP is provided by different beta subunits.
Gene Name:: SUCLG1
Uniprot ID:: Q58DR8
Molecular weight:: 36167.0

Reactions

Succinyl-CoA + Hydrogen phosphate + Guanosine diphosphate → Succinic acid + Coenzyme A + Guanosine triphosphate	details

Enzyme Details

9. Succinate--CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial

General function:: Energy production and conversion
Specific function:: GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Gene Name:: SUCLG2
Uniprot ID:: Q3MHX5
Molecular weight:: 46691.0

Reactions

Succinyl-CoA + Hydrogen phosphate + Guanosine diphosphate → Succinic acid + Coenzyme A + Guanosine triphosphate	details

Enzyme Details

10. Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1

General function:: Signal transduction mechanisms
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: GUCY1A1
Uniprot ID:: P19687
Molecular weight:: 77533.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate → Guanosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + Pyrophosphate	details
Guanosine triphosphate → Cyclic GMP	details

Enzyme Details

11. Mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase beta

General function:: Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Specific function:: Catalyzes the formation of GDP-mannose, an essential precursor of glycan moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Gene Name:: GMPPB
Uniprot ID:: Q2YDJ9
Molecular weight:: 39837.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate + D-Mannose 1-phosphate → Guanosine diphosphate mannose + Pyrophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

12. GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein

General function:: Involved in protein binding
Specific function:: Mediates tetrahydrobiopterin inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase 1. This inhibition is reversed by L-phenylalanine (By similarity).
Gene Name:: GCHFR
Uniprot ID:: Q32L41
Molecular weight:: 9557.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate + Water → Formamidopyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate + Formic acid	details

Enzyme Details

13. Fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase

General function:: Not Available
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: FPGT
Uniprot ID:: E1B9U5
Molecular weight:: 67389.0

Reactions

Fucose 1-phosphate + Guanosine triphosphate → GDP-L-fucose + Pyrophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

14. Bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]

General function:: Not Available
Specific function:: Asymmetrically hydrolyzes Ap4A to yield AMP and ATP. Plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis.
Gene Name:: NUDT2
Uniprot ID:: Q29RJ1
Molecular weight:: 16775.0

Reactions

Diguanosine tetraphosphate + Water → Guanosine triphosphate + Guanosine monophosphate	details

Enzyme Details

15. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5

General function:: Not Available
Specific function:: Uridine diphosphatase (UDPase) that promotes protein N-glycosylation and ATP level regulation. UDP hydrolysis promotes protein N-glycosylation and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as elevated ATP consumption in the cytosol via an ATP hydrolysis cycle. Together with CMPK1 and AK1, constitutes an ATP hydrolysis cycle that converts ATP to AMP and results in a compensatory increase in aerobic glycolysis. The nucleotide hydrolyzing preference is GDP > IDP > UDP, but not any other nucleoside di-, mono- or triphosphates, nor thiamine pyrophosphate. Plays a key role in the AKT1-PTEN signaling pathway by promoting glycolysis in proliferating cells in response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling (By similarity).
Gene Name:: ENTPD5
Uniprot ID:: E1BPW0
Molecular weight:: 47888.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate + Water → Guanosine diphosphate + Hydrogen phosphate	details

Enzyme Details

16. GTP cyclohydrolase 1

General function:: Not Available
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: GCH1
Uniprot ID:: F1MZ14
Molecular weight:: 27726.0

Reactions

Guanosine triphosphate + Water → Formamidopyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate + Formic acid	details

Enzyme Details

17. Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2

General function:: Not Available
Specific function:: Functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which activates Rap and Ras family of small GTPases by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP in a cAMP-dependent manner. Serves as a link between cell surface receptors and Rap/Ras GTPases in intracellular signaling cascades. Acts also as an effector for Rap1 by direct association with Rap1-GTP thereby leading to the amplification of Rap1-mediated signaling. Shows weak activity on HRAS. It is controversial whether RAPGEF2 binds cAMP and cGMP or not. Its binding to ligand-activated beta-1 adrenergic receptor ADRB1 leads to the Ras activation through the G(s)-alpha signaling pathway. Involved in the cAMP-induced Ras and Erk1/2 signaling pathway that leads to sustained inhibition of long term melanogenesis by reducing dendrite extension and melanin synthesis. Provides also inhibitory signals for cell proliferation of melanoma cells and promotes their apoptosis in a cAMP-independent nanner. Regulates cAMP-induced neuritogenesis by mediating the Rap1/B-Raf/ERK signaling through a pathway that is independent on both PKA and RAPGEF3/RAPGEF4. Involved in neuron migration and in the formation of the major forebrain fiber connections forming the corpus callosum, the anterior commissure and the hippocampal commissure during brain development. Involved in neuronal growth factor (NGF)-induced sustained activation of Rap1 at late endosomes and in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced axon outgrowth of hippocampal neurons. Plays a role in the regulation of embryonic blood vessel formation and in the establishment of basal junction integrity and endothelial barrier function. May be involved in the regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR and cadherin CDH5 expression at allantois endothelial cell-cell junctions (By similarity). Binds to cAMP.
Gene Name:: RAPGEF2
Uniprot ID:: F1MSG6
Molecular weight:: 165144.0

Reactions

Cyclic AMP + Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 + Guanosine triphosphate + Ras-related protein Rap-1A → Guanosine diphosphate + Ras-related protein Rap-1A	details
GTPase HRas with GDP + Guanosine triphosphate → GTPase HRas with GTP + Guanosine diphosphate	details

Enzyme Details

18. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9

General function:: Not Available
Specific function:: Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for CDC42. Promotes formation of GPHN clusters (By similarity).
Gene Name:: ARHGEF9
Uniprot ID:: Q58DL7
Molecular weight:: 65980.0

Reactions

Cell division control protein 42 homolog with GDP + Guanosine triphosphate → Cell division control protein 42 homolog with GTP + Guanosine diphosphate	details

Showing metabocard for Guanosine triphosphate (BMDB0001273)

Structure for BMDB0001273 (Guanosine triphosphate)

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