Showing metabocard for Glycine (BMDB0000123)

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the cleavage of serine to glycine accompanied with the production of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, an essential intermediate for purine biosynthesis. Serine provides the major source of folate one-carbon in cells by catalyzing the transfer of one carbon from serine to tetrahydrofolate. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway via its role in glycine and tetrahydrofolate metabolism: thymidylate biosynthesis is required to prevent uracil accumulation in mtDNA. Also required for mitochondrial translation by producing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate; 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate providing methyl donors to produce the taurinomethyluridine base at the wobble position of some mitochondrial tRNAs. Associates with mitochondrial DNA. In addition to its role in mitochondria, also plays a role in the deubiquitination of target proteins as component of the BRISC complex: required for IFNAR1 deubiquitination by the BRISC complex.

Gene Name:

SHMT2

Uniprot ID:

Q3SZ20

Molecular weight:

55605.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Interconversion of serine and glycine.

Gene Name:

SHMT1

Uniprot ID:

Q5E9P9

Molecular weight:

52978.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in ATP binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSS

Uniprot ID:

Q5EAC2

Molecular weight:

52066.0

Reactions

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GCAT

Uniprot ID:

Q0P5L8

Molecular weight:

45166.0

Reactions

General function:

Replication, recombination and repair

Specific function:

Methylates CpG residues. Preferentially methylates hemimethylated DNA. Associates with DNA replication sites in S phase maintaining the methylation pattern in the newly synthesized strand, that is essential for epigenetic inheritance. Associates with chromatin during G2 and M phases to maintain DNA methylation independently of replication. It is responsible for maintaining methylation patterns established in development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. Mediates transcriptional repression by direct binding to HDAC2. In association with DNMT3B and via the recruitment of CTCFL/BORIS, involved in activation of BAG1 gene expression by modulating dimethylation of promoter histone H3 at H3K4 and H3K9. Probably forms a corepressor complex required for activated KRAS-mediated promoter hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) or other tumor-related genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Also required to maintain a transcriptionally repressive state of genes in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Associates at promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) leading to their gene silencing. Promotes tumor growth.

Gene Name:

DNMT1

Uniprot ID:

Q24K09

Molecular weight:

182842.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the biosynthesis of guanidinoacetate, the immediate precursor of creatine. Creatine plays a vital role in energy metabolism in muscle tissues. May play a role in embryonic and central nervous system development (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GATM

Uniprot ID:

Q2HJ74

Molecular weight:

48357.0

Reactions

General function:

Nucleotide transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GART

Uniprot ID:

Q59A32

Molecular weight:

107907.0

Reactions

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ALAS1

Uniprot ID:

A6QLI6

Molecular weight:

71062.0

Reactions

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ALAS2

Uniprot ID:

Q3ZC31

Molecular weight:

65137.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Can metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via transamination to alpha-keto-delta-(NN-dimethylguanidino) valeric acid (DMGV). ADMA is a potent inhibitor of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase, and this activity provides mechanism through which the kidney regulates blood pressure (By similarity).

Gene Name:

AGXT2

Uniprot ID:

Q17QF0

Molecular weight:

57226.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Metabolizes sarcosine, L-pipecolic acid and L-proline.

Gene Name:

PIPOX

Uniprot ID:

Q29RU9

Molecular weight:

43820.0

General function:

Involved in glycine N-acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Can conjugate a multitude of substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines. Catalyzes the conjugation of arylacetic acids with glycine but does not have activity towards any alkyl-CoA.

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

O77512

Molecular weight:

33684.0

General function:

Involved in glycine N-acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers an acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine and glutamine, although much less efficiently. Can conjugate a multitude of substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines, thereby detoxify xenobiotics, such as benzoic acid or salicylic acid, and endogenous organic acids, such as isovaleric acid.

Gene Name:

GLYAT

Uniprot ID:

Q2KIR7

Molecular weight:

33907.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

AGXT

Uniprot ID:

A7MBF1

Molecular weight:

45292.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in chloride ion binding

Specific function:

Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine. Channel opening is also triggered by taurine and beta-alanine. Channel characteristics depend on the subunit composition; heteropentameric channels are activated by lower glycine levels and display faster desensitization (By similarity). Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability (PubMed:11178872). Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Channel activity is potentiated by ethanol (By similarity). Potentiation of channel activity by intoxicating levels of ethanol contribute to the sedative effects of ethanol (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GLRA1

Uniprot ID:

P57695

Molecular weight:

52614.0

General function:

Involved in chloride ion binding

Specific function:

Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. GLRB does not form ligand-gated ion channels by itself, but is part of heteromeric ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine. Heteropentameric channels composed of GLRB and GLRA1 are activated by lower glycine levels than homopentameric GLRA1. Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability. Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents.

Gene Name:

GLRB

Uniprot ID:

Q9GJS9

Molecular weight:

56039.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Functions as a sodium-dependent amino acid transporter which countertransport protons. Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive, and electrogenic cotransport of several neutral amino acids including glycine, asparagine, alanine, serine, glutamine and histidine with sodium (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SLC38A5

Uniprot ID:

Q5E9S9

Molecular weight:

51958.0

General function:

Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity

Specific function:

Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May play a role in regulation of glycine levels in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SLC6A9

Uniprot ID:

Q28039

Molecular weight:

71318.0

General function:

Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel acti

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GLRA3

Uniprot ID:

Q6WRF9

Molecular weight:

5060.0

General function:

Involved in purinergic nucleotide receptor activity, G-

Specific function:

Receptor for endocannabinoid N-arachidonyl glycine (NAGly). However, conflicting results about the role of NAGly as an agonist are reported. Can also be activated by plant-derived and synthetic cannabinoid agonists. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. May contribute to regulation of the immune system. Is required for normal homeostasis of CD8+ subsets of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) (CD8alphaalpha and CD8alphabeta IELs) in small intstine by supporting preferential migration of CD8 alphaalpha T-cells to intraepithelial compartment over lamina propria compartment, and by mediating their reconstitution into small intestine after bone marrow transplant. Plays a role in hypotensive responses, mediating reduction in intraocular and blood pressure. Mediates NAGly-induced process of reorganization of actin filaments and induction of acrosomal exocytosis.

Gene Name:

GPR18

Uniprot ID:

Q3T0E9

Molecular weight:

37949.0

General function:

Involved in glycine transmembrane transporter activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

Q27999

Molecular weight:

28037.0

General function:

Involved in endocytosis

Specific function:

Involved in endocytosis.

Gene Name:

NECAP1

Uniprot ID:

Q3T093

Molecular weight:

29597.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Decreases the sensitivity of PDP1 to magnesium ions, and this inhibition is reversed by the polyamine spermine.

Gene Name:

PDPR

Uniprot ID:

O46504

Molecular weight:

98857.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GARS1

Uniprot ID:

A5D7A2

Molecular weight:

83117.0

Reactions