Showing metabocard for L-Glutamic acid (BMDB0000148)

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine (By similarity). Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts. Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development: acts by regulating membrane localization and activation of the GTPase RHOJ, possibly by promoting RHOJ palmitoylation. May act as a palmitoyltransferase for RHOJ: able to autopalmitoylate and then transfer the palmitoyl group to RHOJ (By similarity). Plays a role in ribosomal 40S subunit biogenesis (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GLUL

Uniprot ID:

P15103

Molecular weight:

42031.0

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes conversion of folates to polyglutamate derivatives allowing concentration of folate compounds in the cell and the intracellular retention of these cofactors, which are important substrates for most of the folate-dependent enzymes that are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in purine, pyrimidine and amino acid synthesis.

Gene Name:

FPGS

Uniprot ID:

A6H751

Molecular weight:

64900.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in ATP binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GSS

Uniprot ID:

Q5EAC2

Molecular weight:

52066.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

BCAT1

Uniprot ID:

A4IFQ7

Molecular weight:

43185.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. May also function as a transporter of branched chain alpha-keto acids (By similarity).

Gene Name:

BCAT2

Uniprot ID:

Q5EA40

Molecular weight:

44648.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

BCAT2

Uniprot ID:

Q0V8J6

Molecular weight:

44274.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

BCAT2

Uniprot ID:

Q5E9U7

Molecular weight:

40447.0

General function:

Transcription

Specific function:

Transaminase with broad substrate specificity. Has transaminase activity towards aminoadipate, kynurenine, methionine and glutamate. Shows activity also towards tryptophan, aspartate and hydroxykynurenine. Accepts a variety of oxo-acids as amino-group acceptors, with a preference for 2-oxoglutarate, 2-oxocaproic acid, phenylpyruvate and alpha-oxo-gamma-methiol butyric acid. Can also use glyoxylate as amino-group acceptor (in vitro) (By similarity).

Gene Name:

AADAT

Uniprot ID:

Q5E9N4

Molecular weight:

47901.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ASNS

Uniprot ID:

Q1LZA3

Molecular weight:

64220.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Aminopeptidase with specificity towards an acidic amino acid at the N-terminus. Likely to play an important role in intracellular protein and peptide metabolism (By similarity).

Gene Name:

DNPEP

Uniprot ID:

Q2HJH1

Molecular weight:

51828.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Biosynthesis of L-glutamate from L-aspartate or L-cysteine. Important regulator of levels of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. Acts as a scavenger of glutamate in brain neuroprotection. The aspartate aminotransferase activity is involved in hepatic glucose synthesis during development and in adipocyte glyceroneogenesis. Using L-cysteine as substrate, regulates levels of mercaptopyruvate, an important source of hydrogen sulfide. Mercaptopyruvate is converted into H(2)S via the action of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). Hydrogen sulfide is an important synaptic modulator and neuroprotectant in the brain (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GOT1

Uniprot ID:

P33097

Molecular weight:

46399.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism. Important for metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol. Facilitates cellular uptake of long-chain free fatty acids (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GOT2

Uniprot ID:

P12344

Molecular weight:

47514.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GOT1L1

Uniprot ID:

Q2T9S8

Molecular weight:

45918.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Regulates central hypertension through its calcium-modulated preference to cleave N-terminal acidic residues from peptides such as angiotensin II.

Gene Name:

ENPEP

Uniprot ID:

Q32LQ0

Molecular weight:

109801.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate semialdehyde, respectively. Can also convert delta-aminovalerate and beta-alanine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ABAT

Uniprot ID:

Q9BGI0

Molecular weight:

56731.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in lysine degradation. The N-terminal and the C-terminal contain lysine-oxoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity, respectively (By similarity).

Gene Name:

AASS

Uniprot ID:

A8E657

Molecular weight:

102084.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in binding

Specific function:

N(6)-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = L-glutamate + 2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADH

Gene Name:

SCCPDH

Uniprot ID:

Q3T067

Molecular weight:

47320.0

General function:

Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis

Specific function:

Controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. Most likely involved in regulating the availability of precursors for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GFPT2

Uniprot ID:

Q08DQ2

Molecular weight:

77081.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln).

Gene Name:

QRSL1

Uniprot ID:

Q29RP9

Molecular weight:

57300.0

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amidation of deamido-NAD to form NAD. Uses L-glutamine as a nitrogen source.

Gene Name:

NADSYN1

Uniprot ID:

Q3ZBF0

Molecular weight:

79400.0

Reactions

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

PSAT1

Uniprot ID:

A6QR28

Molecular weight:

40529.0

Reactions

General function:

Replication, recombination and repair

Specific function:

Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase that converts L-glutamate into alpha-ketoglutarate. Plays a key role in glutamine anaplerosis by producing alpha-ketoglutarate, an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. May be involved in learning and memory reactions by increasing the turnover of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.

Gene Name:

GLUD1

Uniprot ID:

P00366

Molecular weight:

61512.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the cleavage of 5-oxo-L-proline to form L-glutamate coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Gene Name:

OPLAH

Uniprot ID:

Q75WB5

Molecular weight:

137450.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. Participates in cellular nitrogen metabolism and also in liver gluconeogenesis starting with precursors transported from skeletal muscles (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GPT

Uniprot ID:

A4IFH5

Molecular weight:

55275.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Can catalyze the reverse reaction, using glutamic acid, with 2-oxoglutarate as cosubstrate (in vitro). Has much lower affinity and transaminase activity for phenylalanine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

TAT

Uniprot ID:

Q58CZ9

Molecular weight:

49691.0

Reactions

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Irreversible conversion of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), derived either from proline or ornithine, to glutamate. This is a necessary step in the pathway interconnecting the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The preferred substrate is glutamic gamma-semialdehyde, other substrates include succinic, glutaric and adipic semialdehydes (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ALDH4A1

Uniprot ID:

A7YWE4

Molecular weight:

61495.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). May catalyze the beta-elimination of S-conjugates and Se-conjugates of L-(seleno)cysteine, resulting in the cleavage of the C-S or C-Se bond (By similarity). Has transaminase activity towards L-kynurenine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, serine, cysteine, methionine, histidine, glutamine and asparagine with glyoxylate as an amino group acceptor (in vitro). Has lower activity with 2-oxoglutarate as amino group acceptor (in vitro) (By similarity).

Gene Name:

KYAT3

Uniprot ID:

Q0P5G4

Molecular weight:

51472.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the production of GABA.

Gene Name:

GAD1

Uniprot ID:

Q0VCA1

Molecular weight:

66784.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in ADP binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GCLC

Uniprot ID:

Q32S38

Molecular weight:

69023.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

OAT

Uniprot ID:

Q3ZCF5

Molecular weight:

48075.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in protein binding

Specific function:

Regulates intracellular concentrations of taurine and glutamate. Negatively modulates SLC1A1/EAAC1 glutamate transport activity by decreasing its affinity for glutamate in a PKC activity-dependent manner. May be involved in membrane traffic.

Gene Name:

ARL6IP5

Uniprot ID:

Q5E9M1

Molecular weight:

21666.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

SLC1A6

Uniprot ID:

A6H774

Molecular weight:

61424.0

General function:

Involved in glutamate:sodium symporter activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

SLC1A2

Uniprot ID:

A5HSH1

Molecular weight:

2798.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CAD

Uniprot ID:

F1MVC0

Molecular weight:

243038.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GCLM

Uniprot ID:

Q2T9Y6

Molecular weight:

30533.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GLS2

Uniprot ID:

E1BHZ6

Molecular weight:

66700.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

PPAT

Uniprot ID:

F1MV22

Molecular weight:

59900.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GMPS

Uniprot ID:

Q2T9U0

Molecular weight:

77865.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

EARS2

Uniprot ID:

G3N260

Molecular weight:

58494.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

FTCD

Uniprot ID:

F1MNA6

Molecular weight:

60005.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the polyglutamate sidechains of pteroylpolyglutamates. Progressively removes gamma-glutamyl residues from pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamate to yield pteroyl-alpha-glutamate (folic acid) and free glutamate. May play an important role in the bioavailability of dietary pteroylpolyglutamates and in the metabolism of pteroylpolyglutamates and antifolates. Exhibits either endo- or exopeptidase activity depending upon the tissue of origin. When secreted, it acts primarily as an endopeptidase (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GGH

Uniprot ID:

A7YWG4

Molecular weight:

35683.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

EPRS1

Uniprot ID:

G3X6L9

Molecular weight:

169931.0

Reactions