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Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 22:42:36 UTC
Update Date2020-05-21 16:29:06 UTC
BMDB IDBMDB0001206
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB01206
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAcetyl-CoA
DescriptionAcetyl-CoA, also known as acetyl coenzyme A or accoa, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glucuronides. These are glucuronides in which the aglycone is linked to the carbohydrate unit through an O-glycosidic bond. Thus, acetyl-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Acetyl-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Acetyl-CoA exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
AcCoAChEBI
Acetyl coenzyme AChEBI
S-Acetyl-CoAChEBI
S-Acetyl-coenzyme AChEBI
Ac-CoAHMDB
Ac-coenzyme AHMDB
Ac-S-CoAHMDB
Ac-S-coenzyme AHMDB
Acetyl-coenzyme AHMDB
Acetyl-S-CoAHMDB
Acetyl-S-coenzyme AHMDB
Acetylcoenzyme AHMDB
S-Acetate CoAHMDB
S-Acetate coenzyme AHMDB
S-Acetyl coenzyme AHMDB
coenzyme A, AcetylHMDB
Acetyl CoAHMDB
CoA, AcetylHMDB
Chemical FormulaC23H38N7O17P3S
Average Molecular Weight809.571
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight809.125773051
IUPAC Name{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-({[({[(3R)-3-[(2-{[2-(acetylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
Traditional Nameacetyl-CoA
CAS Registry Number72-89-9
SMILES
CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C23H38N7O17P3S/c1-12(31)51-7-6-25-14(32)4-5-26-21(35)18(34)23(2,3)9-44-50(41,42)47-49(39,40)43-8-13-17(46-48(36,37)38)16(33)22(45-13)30-11-29-15-19(24)27-10-28-20(15)30/h10-11,13,16-18,22,33-34H,4-9H2,1-3H3,(H,25,32)(H,26,35)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H2,24,27,28)(H2,36,37,38)/t13-,16-,17-,18+,22-/m1/s1
InChI KeyZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glucuronides. These are glucuronides in which the aglycone is linked to the carbohydrate unit through an O-glycosidic bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentO-glucuronides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 1-o-glucuronide
  • O-glucuronide
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Pyrrolidinylpyridine
  • Alkaloid or derivatives
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Pyran
  • Pyridine
  • Pyrrolidone
  • 2-pyrrolidone
  • N-alkylpyrrolidine
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxamide group
  • Lactam
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Polyol
  • Acetal
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
  • Exogenous
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locations
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Peroxisome
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.58ALOGPS
logP-5.9ChemAxon
logS-2.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)0.82ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.01ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count17ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count9ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area363.63 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count20ChemAxon
Refractivity172.21 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability70.62 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT 35V, positivesplash10-0fb9-0035910000-cecfaf54528fc3ef9f00View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT 35V, positivesplash10-0ufr-0005900000-491971eb7a5c2b327554View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT 35V, negativesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-1b259612c3897ed851f0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT 35V, negativesplash10-08i0-0001901200-8d4f5232c27f2875cf8bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT 35V, negativesplash10-08i0-0000901200-33f8d3ced8c83336df0cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 33V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-1101800090-5031dc04edf8ba0f3afbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 33V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-1101900080-6691464da5a030f7d086View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 33V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-1101900080-8a1491c56fc1331c5df1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 33V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-1101900080-9ec3eecc20f19a822002View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-1901000300-57c996f08055dba75dd7View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-0902000000-dffb00601bfc54014ae4View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-000i-2901000000-155f0890adf4c76dca85View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0arr-6820231930-984ae0f98e0d17e4a7fcView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-003r-3910100000-87da6b6d742efbc6e74aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-057i-5900000000-8701decc3b2311880b97View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0000000090-fd17a06b039262f96463View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-05vx-9100203430-9e39d5da3afdd3a15f91View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00b9-9101401200-719cb55952a06d96d3c8View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03di-0000000090-02de4c2ee732e6d50b2dView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-01p9-1901002440-79ee9e61778bd08a750fView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0209000000-84f7f68fc2e83a8ae770View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Peroxisome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Brain
  • Platelet
  • Prostate Tissue
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Spleen
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
Adipose TissueExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
BrainExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
PlateletExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Prostate TissueExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Skeletal MuscleExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
SpleenExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
HMDB IDHMDB0001206
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022491
KNApSAcK IDC00007259
Chemspider ID392413
KEGG Compound IDC00024
BioCyc IDACETYL-COA
BiGG ID33558
Wikipedia LinkAcetyl-CoA
METLIN ID6082
PubChem Compound444493
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15351
References
Synthesis ReferenceTucek, S. The synthesis of acetyl coenzyme A and acetylcholine from citrate and acetate in the nerve endings of mammalian brain. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects (1966), 117(1), 278-80.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, the latter serving as common substrate for de novo cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis.
Gene Name:
ACLY
Uniprot ID:
Q32PF2
Molecular weight:
119789.0
Reactions
Coenzyme A + Citric acid + Adenosine triphosphate → Oxalacetic acid + ADP + Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first and rate-limiting step of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. This is a 2 steps reaction starting with the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain followed by the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA.
Gene Name:
ACACA
Uniprot ID:
Q9TTS3
Molecular weight:
265303.0
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Hydrogen carbonate + Acetyl-CoA → Hydrogen phosphate + ADP + Malonyl-CoAdetails
Acetyl-CoA → Malonyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Involved in carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The highest activity concerns the C6 to C10 chain length substrate.
Gene Name:
CROT
Uniprot ID:
O19094
Molecular weight:
70263.0
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + L-Carnitine → L-Acetylcarnitine + Coenzyme Adetails
L-Acetylcarnitine + L-Carnitine → Acetyl-CoA + Coenzyme Adetails
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA.
Gene Name:
ALDH6A1
Uniprot ID:
Q07536
Molecular weight:
58063.0
Reactions
Malonic semialdehyde + Coenzyme A + NAD → Acetyl-CoA + Carbon dioxide + NADHdetails
General function:
Transcription
Specific function:
Controls the night/day rhythm of melatonin production in the pineal gland. Catalyzes the N-acetylation of serotonin into N-acetylserotonin, the penultimate step in the synthesis of melatonin.
Gene Name:
AANAT
Uniprot ID:
O02785
Molecular weight:
22997.0
Reactions
Serotonin + Acetyl-CoA → N-Acetylserotonin + Coenzyme Adetails
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.
Gene Name:
HMGCS2
Uniprot ID:
Q2KIE6
Molecular weight:
56895.0
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + Acetoacetyl-CoA + Water → 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + Coenzyme Adetails
General function:
Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Specific function:
Participates in the detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine and arylamine drugs.
Gene Name:
NAT1
Uniprot ID:
Q1JPA6
Molecular weight:
34199.0
Reactions
Paraxanthine + Acetyl-CoA → 5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil + Coenzyme Adetails
General function:
Transcription
Specific function:
Catalytic tRNA acetyltransferase subunit of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, which is a component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme and is involved in transcriptional elongation. The elongator complex is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine) (By similarity). In the elongator complex, acts as a tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase by mediating formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). May also act as a protein lysine acetyltransferase by mediating acetylation of target proteins; such activity is however unclear in vivo and recent evidences suggest that ELP3 primarily acts as a tRNA acetyltransferase. Involved in neurogenesis: regulates the migration and branching of projection neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, through a process depending on alpha-tubulin acetylation (By similarity). Required for acetylation of GJA1 in the developing cerebral cortex (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ELP3
Uniprot ID:
Q2KJ61
Molecular weight:
62331.0
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
CS
Uniprot ID:
Q29RK1
Molecular weight:
51773.0
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + Water + Oxalacetic acid → Citric acid + Coenzyme Adetails
General function:
Involved in dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransfera
Specific function:
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:
DLAT
Uniprot ID:
P11180
Molecular weight:
1066.0
General function:
Involved in peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalytic subunit of the N-terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) complex which displays alpha (N-terminal) acetyltransferase activity. Acetylates amino termini that are devoid of initiator methionine. The alpha (N-terminal) acetyltransferase activity may be important for vascular, hematopoietic and neuronal growth and development. Without NAA15, displays epsilon (internal) acetyltransferase activity towards HIF1A, thereby promoting its degradation. Represses MYLK kinase activity by acetylation, and thus represses tumor cell migration. Acetylates, and stabilizes TSC2, thereby repressing mTOR activity and suppressing cancer development. Acetylates HSPA1A and HSPA1B at 'Lys-77' which enhances its chaperone activity and leads to preferential binding to co-chaperone HOPX. Acetylates HIST1H4A. Acts as a negative regulator of sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis.
Gene Name:
NAA10
Uniprot ID:
Q2KI14
Molecular weight:
26521.0
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme catalyzes the last three of the four reactions of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway. The mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway is the major energy-producing process in tissues and is performed through four consecutive reactions breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Among the enzymes involved in this pathway, the trifunctional enzyme exhibits specificity for long-chain fatty acids. Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme is a heterotetrameric complex composed of two proteins, the trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha/HADHA carries the 2,3-enoyl-CoA hydratase and the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities, while the trifunctional enzyme subunit beta/HADHB described here bears the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activity.
Gene Name:
HADHB
Uniprot ID:
O46629
Molecular weight:
51345.0
General function:
Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GCAT
Uniprot ID:
Q0P5L8
Molecular weight:
45166.0
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + Glycine → L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid + Coenzyme Adetails
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from short-chain fatty acids (By similarity). Propionate is the preferred substrate but can also utilize acetate and butyrate with a much lower affinity.
Gene Name:
ACSS3
Uniprot ID:
A7MB45
Molecular weight:
74805.0
General function:
Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Specific function:
Fatty acid synthetase catalyzes the formation of long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. This multifunctional protein has 7 catalytic activities as an acyl carrier protein.
Gene Name:
FASN
Uniprot ID:
Q71SP7
Molecular weight:
274554.0
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA → Acetic acid + Coenzyme Adetails
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
In the production of energy from fats, this is one of the enzymes that catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway, an aerobic process breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Using free coenzyme A/CoA, catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of medium- to long-chain unbranched 3-oxoacyl-CoAs into acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbon atoms. Also catalyzes the condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules into acetoacetyl-CoA and could be involved in the production of ketone bodies. Also displays hydrolase activity on various fatty acyl-CoAs (By similarity). Thereby, could be responsible for the production of acetate in a side reaction to beta-oxidation (By similarity). Abolishes BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and mitochondrial damage (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ACAA2
Uniprot ID:
Q3T0R7
Molecular weight:
42131.0
Reactions
Coenzyme A + Acetoacetyl-CoA →2 Acetyl-CoAdetails
2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA + Coenzyme A → Propionyl-CoA + Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Transcription
Specific function:
Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine > spermidine = spermine >> N(1)acetylspermine = putrescine (By similarity).
Gene Name:
SAT2
Uniprot ID:
Q7PCJ8
Molecular weight:
19187.0
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
This is one of the enzymes that catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway, an aerobic process breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Using free coenzyme A/CoA, catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of medium- to long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoAs into acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbon atoms. The activity of the enzyme is reversible and it can also catalyze the condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules into acetoacetyl-CoA. Thereby, it plays a major role in ketone body metabolism.
Gene Name:
ACAT1
Uniprot ID:
Q29RZ0
Molecular weight:
44889.0
Reactions
2 Acetyl-CoA → Acetoacetyl-CoA + Coenzyme Adetails
Coenzyme A + Acetoacetyl-CoA →2 Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Transcription
Specific function:
Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine = spermidine >> spermine > N(1)-acetylspermine > putrescine. This highly regulated enzyme allows a fine attenuation of the intracellular concentration of polyamines. Also involved in the regulation of polyamine transport out of cells. Acts on 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, putrescine, spermidine (forming N(1)- and N(8)-acetylspermidine), spermine, N(1)-acetylspermidine and N(8)-acetylspermidine (By similarity).
Gene Name:
SAT1
Uniprot ID:
Q3T0Q0
Molecular weight:
19925.0
General function:
Involved in diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Essential acyltransferase that catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. Required for synthesis and storage of intracellular triglycerides. Probably plays a central role in cytosolic lipid accumulation. In liver, is primarily responsible for incorporating endogenously synthesized fatty acids into triglycerides. Functions also as an acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) (By similarity).
Gene Name:
DGAT2
Uniprot ID:
Q70VZ8
Molecular weight:
40896.0
Reactions
11-cis-Retinol + Acetyl-CoA → Retinyl palmitate + Coenzyme Adetails
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Required for anchoring dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) to the dihydrolipoamide transacetylase (E2) core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of eukaryotes. This specific binding is essential for a functional PDH complex.
Gene Name:
PDHX
Uniprot ID:
P22439
Molecular weight:
53886.0
Reactions
Pyruvic acid + Coenzyme A + NAD → Acetyl-CoA + Carbon dioxide + NADHdetails
S-Acetyldihydrolipoamide-E + Coenzyme A → Dihydrolipoamide + Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:
PDHA1
Uniprot ID:
A7MB35
Molecular weight:
43388.0
Reactions
Pyruvic acid + Coenzyme A + NAD → Acetyl-CoA + Carbon dioxide + NADHdetails
Pyruvic acid → Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:
PDHB
Uniprot ID:
P11966
Molecular weight:
39126.0
Reactions
Pyruvic acid + Coenzyme A + NAD → Acetyl-CoA + Carbon dioxide + NADHdetails
Pyruvic acid → Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis. Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism.
Gene Name:
HMGCL
Uniprot ID:
Q29448
Molecular weight:
34168.0
Reactions
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA → Acetoacetic acid + Acetyl-CoAdetails
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA → Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. In contrast to DGAT2 it is not essential for survival. May be involved in VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly. Functions as the major acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in the skin, where it acts to maintain retinoid homeostasis and prevent retinoid toxicity leading to skin and hair disorders. In liver, plays a role in esterifying exogenous fatty acids to glycerol.
Gene Name:
DGAT1
Uniprot ID:
Q8MK44
Molecular weight:
55602.0
Reactions
Vitamin A + Acetyl-CoA → Retinyl ester + Coenzyme Adetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
DLD
Uniprot ID:
F1N206
Molecular weight:
54187.0
Reactions
Pyruvic acid + Coenzyme A + NAD → Acetyl-CoA + Carbon dioxide + NADHdetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ACSS2
Uniprot ID:
A7YWF1
Molecular weight:
78734.0
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Acetic acid + Coenzyme A → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ACOT12
Uniprot ID:
E1BNW7
Molecular weight:
62106.0
Reactions
Coenzyme A + Acetic acid → Water + Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
MLYCD
Uniprot ID:
A5PJC5
Molecular weight:
55416.0
Reactions
Malonyl-CoA → Acetyl-CoA + Carbon dioxidedetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AceCS2
Uniprot ID:
Q9BEA3
Molecular weight:
74310.0
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Acetic acid + Coenzyme A → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Acetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GNPNAT1
Uniprot ID:
Q08DV2
Molecular weight:
20776.0
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + Glucosamine 6-phosphate → N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate + Coenzyme Adetails