Showing metabocard for Acetyl-CoA (BMDB0001206)

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, the latter serving as common substrate for de novo cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis.

Gene Name:

ACLY

Uniprot ID:

Q32PF2

Molecular weight:

119789.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first and rate-limiting step of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. This is a 2 steps reaction starting with the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain followed by the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA.

Gene Name:

ACACA

Uniprot ID:

Q9TTS3

Molecular weight:

265303.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The highest activity concerns the C6 to C10 chain length substrate.

Gene Name:

CROT

Uniprot ID:

O19094

Molecular weight:

70263.0

Reactions

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA.

Gene Name:

ALDH6A1

Uniprot ID:

Q07536

Molecular weight:

58063.0

Reactions

General function:

Transcription

Specific function:

Controls the night/day rhythm of melatonin production in the pineal gland. Catalyzes the N-acetylation of serotonin into N-acetylserotonin, the penultimate step in the synthesis of melatonin.

Gene Name:

AANAT

Uniprot ID:

O02785

Molecular weight:

22997.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.

Gene Name:

HMGCS2

Uniprot ID:

Q2KIE6

Molecular weight:

56895.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Participates in the detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine and arylamine drugs.

Gene Name:

NAT1

Uniprot ID:

Q1JPA6

Molecular weight:

34199.0

Reactions

General function:

Transcription

Specific function:

Catalytic tRNA acetyltransferase subunit of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, which is a component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme and is involved in transcriptional elongation. The elongator complex is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine) (By similarity). In the elongator complex, acts as a tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase by mediating formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). May also act as a protein lysine acetyltransferase by mediating acetylation of target proteins; such activity is however unclear in vivo and recent evidences suggest that ELP3 primarily acts as a tRNA acetyltransferase. Involved in neurogenesis: regulates the migration and branching of projection neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, through a process depending on alpha-tubulin acetylation (By similarity). Required for acetylation of GJA1 in the developing cerebral cortex (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ELP3

Uniprot ID:

Q2KJ61

Molecular weight:

62331.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CS

Uniprot ID:

Q29RK1

Molecular weight:

51773.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransfera

Specific function:

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.

Gene Name:

DLAT

Uniprot ID:

P11180

Molecular weight:

1066.0

General function:

Involved in peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalytic subunit of the N-terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) complex which displays alpha (N-terminal) acetyltransferase activity. Acetylates amino termini that are devoid of initiator methionine. The alpha (N-terminal) acetyltransferase activity may be important for vascular, hematopoietic and neuronal growth and development. Without NAA15, displays epsilon (internal) acetyltransferase activity towards HIF1A, thereby promoting its degradation. Represses MYLK kinase activity by acetylation, and thus represses tumor cell migration. Acetylates, and stabilizes TSC2, thereby repressing mTOR activity and suppressing cancer development. Acetylates HSPA1A and HSPA1B at 'Lys-77' which enhances its chaperone activity and leads to preferential binding to co-chaperone HOPX. Acetylates HIST1H4A. Acts as a negative regulator of sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis.

Gene Name:

NAA10

Uniprot ID:

Q2KI14

Molecular weight:

26521.0

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme catalyzes the last three of the four reactions of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway. The mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway is the major energy-producing process in tissues and is performed through four consecutive reactions breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Among the enzymes involved in this pathway, the trifunctional enzyme exhibits specificity for long-chain fatty acids. Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme is a heterotetrameric complex composed of two proteins, the trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha/HADHA carries the 2,3-enoyl-CoA hydratase and the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities, while the trifunctional enzyme subunit beta/HADHB described here bears the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activity.

Gene Name:

HADHB

Uniprot ID:

O46629

Molecular weight:

51345.0

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GCAT

Uniprot ID:

Q0P5L8

Molecular weight:

45166.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from short-chain fatty acids (By similarity). Propionate is the preferred substrate but can also utilize acetate and butyrate with a much lower affinity.

Gene Name:

ACSS3

Uniprot ID:

A7MB45

Molecular weight:

74805.0

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Fatty acid synthetase catalyzes the formation of long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. This multifunctional protein has 7 catalytic activities as an acyl carrier protein.

Gene Name:

FASN

Uniprot ID:

Q71SP7

Molecular weight:

274554.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

In the production of energy from fats, this is one of the enzymes that catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway, an aerobic process breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Using free coenzyme A/CoA, catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of medium- to long-chain unbranched 3-oxoacyl-CoAs into acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbon atoms. Also catalyzes the condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules into acetoacetyl-CoA and could be involved in the production of ketone bodies. Also displays hydrolase activity on various fatty acyl-CoAs (By similarity). Thereby, could be responsible for the production of acetate in a side reaction to beta-oxidation (By similarity). Abolishes BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and mitochondrial damage (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ACAA2

Uniprot ID:

Q3T0R7

Molecular weight:

42131.0

Reactions

General function:

Transcription

Specific function:

Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine > spermidine = spermine >> N(1)acetylspermine = putrescine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SAT2

Uniprot ID:

Q7PCJ8

Molecular weight:

19187.0

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

This is one of the enzymes that catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway, an aerobic process breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Using free coenzyme A/CoA, catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of medium- to long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoAs into acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbon atoms. The activity of the enzyme is reversible and it can also catalyze the condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules into acetoacetyl-CoA. Thereby, it plays a major role in ketone body metabolism.

Gene Name:

ACAT1

Uniprot ID:

Q29RZ0

Molecular weight:

44889.0

Reactions

General function:

Transcription

Specific function:

Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine = spermidine >> spermine > N(1)-acetylspermine > putrescine. This highly regulated enzyme allows a fine attenuation of the intracellular concentration of polyamines. Also involved in the regulation of polyamine transport out of cells. Acts on 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, putrescine, spermidine (forming N(1)- and N(8)-acetylspermidine), spermine, N(1)-acetylspermidine and N(8)-acetylspermidine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SAT1

Uniprot ID:

Q3T0Q0

Molecular weight:

19925.0

General function:

Involved in diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Essential acyltransferase that catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. Required for synthesis and storage of intracellular triglycerides. Probably plays a central role in cytosolic lipid accumulation. In liver, is primarily responsible for incorporating endogenously synthesized fatty acids into triglycerides. Functions also as an acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) (By similarity).

Gene Name:

DGAT2

Uniprot ID:

Q70VZ8

Molecular weight:

40896.0

Reactions

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Required for anchoring dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) to the dihydrolipoamide transacetylase (E2) core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of eukaryotes. This specific binding is essential for a functional PDH complex.

Gene Name:

PDHX

Uniprot ID:

P22439

Molecular weight:

53886.0

Reactions

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.

Gene Name:

PDHA1

Uniprot ID:

A7MB35

Molecular weight:

43388.0

Reactions

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.

Gene Name:

PDHB

Uniprot ID:

P11966

Molecular weight:

39126.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis. Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism.

Gene Name:

HMGCL

Uniprot ID:

Q29448

Molecular weight:

34168.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. In contrast to DGAT2 it is not essential for survival. May be involved in VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly. Functions as the major acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in the skin, where it acts to maintain retinoid homeostasis and prevent retinoid toxicity leading to skin and hair disorders. In liver, plays a role in esterifying exogenous fatty acids to glycerol.

Gene Name:

DGAT1

Uniprot ID:

Q8MK44

Molecular weight:

55602.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

DLD

Uniprot ID:

F1N206

Molecular weight:

54187.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ACSS2

Uniprot ID:

A7YWF1

Molecular weight:

78734.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ACOT12

Uniprot ID:

E1BNW7

Molecular weight:

62106.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

MLYCD

Uniprot ID:

A5PJC5

Molecular weight:

55416.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

AceCS2

Uniprot ID:

Q9BEA3

Molecular weight:

74310.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GNPNAT1

Uniprot ID:

Q08DV2

Molecular weight:

20776.0

Reactions