Showing metabocard for Adenosine monophosphate (BMDB0000045)

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also probably able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L-seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec).

Gene Name:

SARS2

Uniprot ID:

Q9N0F3

Molecular weight:

58296.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser) in a two-step reaction: serine is first activated by ATP to form Ser-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ser). Is probably also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L-seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec). In the nucleus, binds to the VEGFA core promoter and prevents MYC binding and transcriptional activation by MYC. Recruits SIRT2 to the VEGFA promoter, promoting deacetylation of histone H4 at 'Lys-16' (H4K16). Thereby, inhibits the production of VEGFA and sprouting angiogenesis mediated by VEGFA.

Gene Name:

SARS1

Uniprot ID:

Q9GMB8

Molecular weight:

58605.0

Reactions

General function:

Nucleotide transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes a salvage reaction resulting in the formation of AMP, that is energically less costly than de novo synthesis.

Gene Name:

APRT

Uniprot ID:

Q56JW4

Molecular weight:

19537.0

Reactions

General function:

Carbohydrate transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Converts adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and 3'(2')-phosphoadenosine 5'- phosphate (PAP) to AMP. Has 1000-fold lower activity towards inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (Ins(1,4)P2) and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4)P3), but does not hydrolyze Ins(1)P, Ins(3,4)P2, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 or InsP6 (By similarity).

Gene Name:

BPNT1

Uniprot ID:

Q3ZCK3

Molecular weight:

33328.0

General function:

Nucleotide transport and metabolism

Specific function:

One of the enzymes of the urea cycle, the metabolic pathway transforming neurotoxic amonia produced by protein catabolism into inocuous urea in the liver of ureotelic animals. Catalyzes the formation of arginosuccinate from aspartate, citrulline and ATP and together with ASL it is responsible for the biosynthesis of arginine in most body tissues.

Gene Name:

ASS1

Uniprot ID:

P14568

Molecular weight:

46417.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from short-chain fatty acids (By similarity). Propionate is the preferred substrate but can also utilize acetate and butyrate with a much lower affinity.

Gene Name:

ACSS3

Uniprot ID:

A7MB45

Molecular weight:

74805.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two-step reaction: threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Thr) via its editing domain, at the post-transfer stage.

Gene Name:

TARS1

Uniprot ID:

Q3ZBV8

Molecular weight:

83492.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in magnesium ion binding

Specific function:

3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Also involved in degradation of inherently unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-UTR, possibly via its interaction with KHSRP. Probably mediates the removal of poly(A) tails of AREs mRNAs, which constitutes the first step of destabilization (By similarity). Interacts with both the 3'-end poly(A) tail and the 5'-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails (By similarity) (PubMed:10698948, PubMed:9736620). Also able to recognize poly(A) tails of microRNAs such as MIR21 and H/ACA box snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs) leading to microRNAs degradation or snoRNA increased stability (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PARN

Uniprot ID:

P69341

Molecular weight:

73182.0

General function:

Nucleotide transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) that is essential for nucleotide synthesis.

Gene Name:

PRPS1

Uniprot ID:

Q2HJ58

Molecular weight:

34834.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the activation of fatty acids by CoA to produce an acyl-CoA, the first step in fatty acid metabolism (PubMed:11382754, PubMed:10561077). Capable of activating medium-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyric (C4) to decanoic (C10) acids), and certain carboxylate-containing xenobiotics, e.g. benzoate (PubMed:10561077, PubMed:11382754). Also catalyzes the activation of lipoate to lipoyl-nucleoside monophosphate (PubMed:11382754). Activates lipoate with GTP at a 1000-fold higher rate than with ATP and activates both (R)- and (S)-lipoate to the respective lipoyl-GMP, with a preference for (R)-lipoate (PubMed:11382754).

Gene Name:

ACSM1

Uniprot ID:

Q9BEA2

Molecular weight:

64923.0

Reactions

General function:

Replication, recombination and repair

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes NAD(P)H to NMNH and AMP (2',5'-ADP), and diadenosine diphosphate to AMP. Has also activity towards NAD(P)(+), ADP-ribose and diadenosine triphosphate. May act to regulate the concentration of peroxisomal nicotinamide nucleotide cofactors required for oxidative metabolism in this organelle.

Gene Name:

NUDT12

Uniprot ID:

Q29RH3

Molecular weight:

50119.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

RARS2

Uniprot ID:

Q0P5H7

Molecular weight:

65631.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ASNS

Uniprot ID:

Q1LZA3

Molecular weight:

64220.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA.

Gene Name:

DARS1

Uniprot ID:

Q3SYZ4

Molecular weight:

57036.0

Reactions

General function:

Nucleotide transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates. Has GTP:AMP phosphotransferase and ITP:AMP phosphotransferase activities.

Gene Name:

AK3

Uniprot ID:

P08760

Molecular weight:

25671.0

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Synthesizes selenophosphate from selenide and ATP.

Gene Name:

SEPHS1

Uniprot ID:

Q0VC82

Molecular weight:

42881.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CARS2

Uniprot ID:

Q2KIF8

Molecular weight:

61199.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

NARS

Uniprot ID:

Q2KJG3

Molecular weight:

64399.0

Reactions

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amidation of deamido-NAD to form NAD. Uses L-glutamine as a nitrogen source.

Gene Name:

NADSYN1

Uniprot ID:

Q3ZBF0

Molecular weight:

79400.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Glutamine--tRNA ligase. Plays a critical role in brain development.

Gene Name:

QARS1

Uniprot ID:

Q3MHH4

Molecular weight:

87643.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

T1-TrpRS has aminoacylation activity while T2-TrpRS lacks it. T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS possess angiostatic activity. T2-TrpRS inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Regulates ERK, Akt, and eNOS activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization and shear stress-responsive gene expression (By similarity).

Gene Name:

WARS1

Uniprot ID:

P17248

Molecular weight:

53812.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that activate and transfer the amino acids to their corresponding tRNAs during the translation of mitochondrial genes and protein synthesis.

Gene Name:

WARS2

Uniprot ID:

Q3T099

Molecular weight:

40205.0

Reactions

General function:

Nucleotide transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes two non-sequential steps in de novo AMP synthesis: converts (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate (SAICAR) to fumarate plus 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide, and thereby also contributes to de novo IMP synthesis, and converts succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) to AMP and fumarate.

Gene Name:

ADSL

Uniprot ID:

A3KN12

Molecular weight:

55484.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

KARS

Uniprot ID:

Q3T0N2

Molecular weight:

71321.0

Reactions

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the phosphorylation of thiamine to thiamine pyrophosphate. Can also catalyze the phosphorylation of pyrithiamine to pyrithiamine pyrophosphate (By similarity).

Gene Name:

TPK1

Uniprot ID:

Q5E9T4

Molecular weight:

27028.0

Reactions

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the conversion of fatty acids such as long-chain and very long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Can activate diverse saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Gene Name:

ACSBG1

Uniprot ID:

Q2KHW5

Molecular weight:

80585.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of histidine to the 3'-end of its cognate tRNA, via the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (His-AMP). Plays a role in axon guidance.

Gene Name:

HARS1

Uniprot ID:

Q2KI84

Molecular weight:

57285.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of histidine to the 3'-end of its cognate tRNA, via the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (His-AMP).

Gene Name:

HARS2

Uniprot ID:

A5D7V9

Molecular weight:

56914.0

Reactions

General function:

Nucleotide transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism.

Gene Name:

AK1

Uniprot ID:

P00570

Molecular weight:

21664.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

MARS2

Uniprot ID:

A6H7E1

Molecular weight:

66648.0

Reactions

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. Plays a role in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus.

Gene Name:

MARS1

Uniprot ID:

Q2T9L8

Molecular weight:

100634.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signalin

Specific function:

Receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). The activity of this receptor is mainly mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase, resulting in an elevation of intracellular cAMP. A mobilization of calcium is also observed, but without formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PTGDR

Uniprot ID:

A5D7K8

Molecular weight:

40372.0

General function:

Involved in G-protein coupled receptor activity

Specific function:

Receptor for prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 or PGI2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins which activate adenylate cyclase.

Gene Name:

PTGIR

Uniprot ID:

P79393

Molecular weight:

41247.0

General function:

Involved in prostaglandin E receptor activity

Specific function:

Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. Has a relaxing effect on smooth muscle. May play an important role in regulating renal hemodynamics, intestinal epithelial transport, adrenal aldosterone secretion, and uterine function (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PTGER4

Uniprot ID:

Q8MJ08

Molecular weight:

53298.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (PubMed:8396726). The various isoforms have identical ligand binding properties but interact with different second messenger systems: isoform EP3A couples to G(i)/G(o) proteins; isoform EP3B and isoform EP3C couple to G(s), and isoform EP3D couples to G(i), G(s) and G(p) (PubMed:8396726). Required for normal development of fever in response to pyrinogens, including IL1B, prostaglandin E2 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Required for normal potentiation of platelet aggregation by prostaglandin E2, and thus plays a role in the regulation of blood coagulation. Required for increased HCO3(-) secretion in the duodenum in response to mucosal acidification, and thereby contributes to the protection of the mucosa against acid-induced ulceration. Not required for normal kidney function, normal urine volume and osmolality (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PTGER3

Uniprot ID:

P34979

Molecular weight:

46362.0

General function:

Involved in vasopressin receptor activity

Specific function:

Receptor for arginine vasopressin (PubMed:7698346, PubMed:8257689). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Involved in renal water reabsorption (By similarity).

Gene Name:

AVPR2

Uniprot ID:

P48044

Molecular weight:

40236.0

General function:

Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis

Specific function:

Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain.

Gene Name:

AARS1

Uniprot ID:

A6QLT9

Molecular weight:

106655.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor act

Specific function:

Receptor for MSH (alpha, beta) and ACTH. Does not seem to be active with gamma-MSH. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Could be involved in spermatogenesis.

Gene Name:

MC1R

Uniprot ID:

P47798

Molecular weight:

34916.0

General function:

Involved in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor

Specific function:

This is a receptor for PACAP-27 and PACAP-38. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. May regulate the release of adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, epinephrine, and catecholamine. May play a role in spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Causes smooth muscle relaxation and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ADCYAP1R1

Uniprot ID:

Q29627

Molecular weight:

58785.0

General function:

Involved in alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity

Specific function:

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. Component of the ATAC complex, a complex with histone acetyltransferase activity on histones H3 and H4 (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ADRA2A

Uniprot ID:

Q28838

Molecular weight:

49252.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition. Signaling promotes phospholipase C activity, leading to the release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3); this then triggers calcium ion release into the cytosol (By similarity).

Gene Name:

CHRM2

Uniprot ID:

P41985

Molecular weight:

51613.0

General function:

Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signalin

Specific function:

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.

Gene Name:

ADRA2B

Uniprot ID:

O77700

Molecular weight:

42840.0

General function:

Involved in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity

Specific function:

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.

Gene Name:

CHRM3

Uniprot ID:

P41984

Molecular weight:

66103.0

General function:

Involved in lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone recepto

Specific function:

Receptor for lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase.

Gene Name:

LHCGR

Uniprot ID:

Q28005

Molecular weight:

78456.0

General function:

Involved in protein-hormone receptor activity

Specific function:

Receptor for the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin. Also acts as a receptor for the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone (GPHA2:GPHB5) or thyrostimulin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism.

Gene Name:

TSHR

Uniprot ID:

Q27987

Molecular weight:

86431.0

General function:

Involved in adrenocorticotropin receptor activity

Specific function:

Receptor for corticotropin (ACTH). This receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase (cAMP).

Gene Name:

MC2R

Uniprot ID:

P34974

Molecular weight:

33293.0

General function:

Involved in follicle-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Specific function:

G protein-coupled receptor for follitropin, the follicle-stimulating hormone. Through cAMP production activates the downstream PI3K-AKT and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways.

Gene Name:

FSHR

Uniprot ID:

P35376

Molecular weight:

78085.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is inhibition of adenylate cyclase. May couple to multiple functional responses in cell lines.

Gene Name:

CHRM4

Uniprot ID:

P41986

Molecular weight:

13221.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

Q9TRE3

Molecular weight:

3427.0

General function:

Involved in melanocortin receptor activity

Specific function:

Receptor for MSH (alpha, beta and gamma) and ACTH. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. This receptor is a possible mediator of the immunomodulation properties of melanocortins (By similarity).

Gene Name:

MC5R

Uniprot ID:

P56451

Molecular weight:

36526.0