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Showing metabocard for FAD (BMDB0001248)

IdentificationTaxonomyPhysical propertiesPathwaysSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (84) Show 84 proteinsXML
Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 22:43:02 UTC
Update Date2020-05-21 16:28:35 UTC
BMDB IDBMDB0001248
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB01248
Metabolite Identification
Common NameFAD
DescriptionFAD, also known as adeflavin or flamitajin b, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavin nucleotides. These are nucleotides containing a flavin moiety. Flavin is a compound that contains the tricyclic isoalloxazine ring system, which bears 2 oxo groups at the 2- and 4-positions. FAD is a drug which is used to treat eye diseases caused by vitamin b2 deficiency, such as keratitis and blepharitis. FAD is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). FAD exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate), 5'-5'-ester with riboflavineChEBI
Adenosine 5'-[3-(riboflavin-5'-yl) dihydrogen diphosphate]ChEBI
Flavin adenine dinucleotideChEBI
FLAVIN-adenine dinucleotideChEBI
Riboflavin 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), 5'-5'-ester with adenosineChEBI
Riboflavin 5'-adenosine diphosphateChEBI
AdeflavinKegg
Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphoric acid), 5'-5'-ester with riboflavineGenerator
Adenosine 5'-[3-(riboflavin-5'-yl) dihydrogen diphosphoric acid]Generator
Riboflavin 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphoric acid), 5'-5'-ester with adenosineGenerator
Riboflavin 5'-adenosine diphosphoric acidGenerator
1H-Purin-6-amine flavin dinucleotideHMDB
1H-Purin-6-amine flavine dinucleotideHMDB
Adenine-flavin dinucleotideHMDB
Adenine-flavine dinucleotideHMDB
Adenine-riboflavin dinuceotideHMDB
Adenine-riboflavin dinucleotideHMDB
Adenine-riboflavine dinucleotideHMDB
Flamitajin bHMDB
Flanin FHMDB
Flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidizedHMDB
Flavine adenosine diphosphateHMDB
Flavine-adenine dinucleotideHMDB
FlavitanHMDB
FlazirenHMDB
Isoalloxazine-adenine dinucleotideHMDB
Riboflavin-adenine dinucleotideHMDB
Riboflavine-adenine dinucleotideHMDB
Dinucleotide, flavin-adenineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC27H33N9O15P2
Average Molecular Weight785.5497
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight785.157134455
IUPAC Name{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}[({[(2R,3S,4S)-5-{7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2H,3H,4H,10H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl}-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl]oxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]phosphinic acid
Traditional Nameflavine-adenine dinucleotide
CAS Registry Number146-14-5
SMILES
CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C=NC3=C1N=CN=C3N)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C27H33N9O15P2/c1-10-3-12-13(4-11(10)2)35(24-18(32-12)25(42)34-27(43)33-24)5-14(37)19(39)15(38)6-48-52(44,45)51-53(46,47)49-7-16-20(40)21(41)26(50-16)36-9-31-17-22(28)29-8-30-23(17)36/h3-4,8-9,14-16,19-21,26,37-41H,5-7H2,1-2H3,(H,44,45)(H,46,47)(H2,28,29,30)(H,34,42,43)/t14-,15+,16+,19-,20+,21+,26+/m0/s1
InChI KeyVWWQXMAJTJZDQX-UYBVJOGSSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavin nucleotides. These are nucleotides containing a flavin moiety. Flavin is a compound that contains the tricyclic isoalloxazine ring system, which bears 2 oxo groups at the 2- and 4-positions.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassFlavin nucleotides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentFlavin nucleotides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Flavin nucleotide
  • (3'->5')-dinucleotide
  • (3'->5')-dinucleotide or analogue
  • Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
  • Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate
  • Flavin
  • Isoalloxazine
  • Pentose-5-phosphate
  • Pentose phosphate
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • Diazanaphthalene
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Pteridine
  • 6-aminopurine
  • Quinoxaline
  • Organic pyrophosphate
  • Monosaccharide phosphate
  • Imidazopyrimidine
  • Purine
  • Monoalkyl phosphate
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Monosaccharide
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Imidolactam
  • Benzenoid
  • Alkyl phosphate
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Pyrimidine
  • Pyrazine
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Azole
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Imidazole
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Lactam
  • Polyol
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Alcohol
  • Amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
BiofunctionNot Available
ApplicationNot Available
Cellular locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Peroxisome
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility5 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.78ALOGPS
logP-4.7ChemAxon
logS-2.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.85ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.01ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count19ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count9ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area356.42 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count13ChemAxon
Refractivity177.43 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability70.53 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings6ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0170-1032960400-cdd3286ebb1dea7c4f54View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-0001200900-b0740b3d33d50996ccdeView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000m-0105900000-3abff26d5bb35f8527b8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-0931700000-73f360589a13230eea7aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000j-0908600300-b1eccda8ebae8b9e4cc1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-bdb826f9c3cbc09eff9bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-00di-0019800000-00ad56b6b6a3bb4516e6View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000b-0009400000-667064ca470a5c341974View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000j-0509700500-8766cb874f927ed5a795View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-3125e04c09a14c62f22aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-00di-0019700000-78c46ea4b4f562757e56View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000b-0009400000-94b845d2c8d082b9484cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-001i-0000100900-6bac7b7f631dfc074a0cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-001i-0920000000-49c9d4fb9b57a59f45a5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-000i-0003900000-572f0b1bd59f71ab3c5fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-000i-0003900000-d2ede6a2e7183f1c32a3View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-001i-0000100900-78554afbc26abe26af35View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-001i-0930000000-274da0a01c651b791733View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-000i-0003900000-55939cda9e14fc582757View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-000i-0003900000-db784762434fac3d351fView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0932110400-f05626487523221c34deView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-0930000000-86c3d6490bc3a27e053aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-052r-0980000000-58a46c839e0e520474d7View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0006-8482400900-2c4839849821d2807c57View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-001l-5920100000-b38889aa3d09576e2f3eView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a7l-3900000000-f7144f6355fab252a516View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Peroxisome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Erythrocyte
  • Liver
  • Placenta
  • Skeletal Muscle
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
ErythrocyteExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
 details
LiverDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal		 details
PlacentaExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
 details
Skeletal MuscleExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
  • Not Applicable
 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
HMDB IDHMDB0001248
DrugBank IDDB03147
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022511
KNApSAcK IDC00001500
Chemspider ID559059
KEGG Compound IDC00016
BioCyc IDFAD
BiGG ID33521
Wikipedia LinkFlavin_adenine_dinucleotide
METLIN ID6106
PubChem Compound643975
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16238
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Only showing the first 50 proteins. There are 84 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial
General function:
Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets.
Gene Name:
NOS3
Uniprot ID:
P29473
Molecular weight:
133287.0
Enzyme Details
2. Cytochrome b5 reductase 4
General function:
Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Specific function:
NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. Plays a critical role in protecting pancreatic beta-cells against oxidant stress, possibly by protecting the cell from excess buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (By similarity).
Gene Name:
CYB5R4
Uniprot ID:
Q32LH7
Molecular weight:
59274.0
Enzyme Details
3. Nitric oxide synthase, inducible
General function:
Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such PTGS2/COX2. As component of the iNOS-S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex involved in the selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH implicated in regulation of the GAIT complex activity and probably multiple targets including ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM. Involved in inflammation, enhances the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators such as IL6 and IL8.
Gene Name:
NOS2
Uniprot ID:
Q27995
Molecular weight:
131208.0
Enzyme Details
4. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GPD2
Uniprot ID:
A6QLU1
Molecular weight:
80763.0
Enzyme Details
5. Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3
General function:
Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Essential hepatic enzyme that catalyzes the oxygenation of a wide variety of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds including drugs as well as dietary compounds. Plays an important role in the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), via the production of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolite. TMA is generated by the action of gut microbiota using dietary precursors such as choline, choline containing compounds, betaine or L-carnitine. By regulating TMAO concentration, FMO3 directly impacts both platelet responsiveness and rate of thrombus formation.
Gene Name:
FMO3
Uniprot ID:
Q8HYJ9
Molecular weight:
60093.0
Enzyme Details
6. Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GCDH
Uniprot ID:
Q2KHZ9
Molecular weight:
48472.0
Enzyme Details
7. Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase
General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
Flavoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of N(1)-acetylspermine to spermidine and is thus involved in the polyamine back-conversion. Can also oxidize N(1)-acetylspermidine to putrescine. Substrate specificity: N(1)-acetylspermine = N(1)-acetylspermidine > N(1),N(12)-diacylspermine >> spermine. Does not oxidize spermidine. Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration.
Gene Name:
PAOX
Uniprot ID:
Q865R1
Molecular weight:
56325.0
Enzyme Details
8. Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) (Probable). Can act as a tumor suppressor (By similarity).
Gene Name:
SDHA
Uniprot ID:
P31039
Molecular weight:
72944.0
Enzyme Details
9. Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Accepts electrons from ETF and reduces ubiquinone.
Gene Name:
ETFDH
Uniprot ID:
Q2KIG0
Molecular weight:
68612.0
Enzyme Details
10. L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
L2HGDH
Uniprot ID:
A7MBI3
Molecular weight:
51022.0
Enzyme Details
11. Triokinase/FMN cyclase
General function:
Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes both the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone and of glyceraldehyde, and the splitting of ribonucleoside diphosphate-X compounds among which FAD is the best substrate. Represses IFIH1-mediated cellular antiviral response.
Gene Name:
TKFC
Uniprot ID:
Q58DK4
Molecular weight:
59124.0
Enzyme Details
12. Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA/3-methylbutanoyl-CoA to 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA as an intermediate step in the leucine (Leu) catabolic pathway. To a lesser extent, is also able to catalyze the oxidation of other saturated short-chain acyl-CoA thioesters as pentanoyl-CoA, hexenoyl-CoA and butenoyl-CoA.
Gene Name:
IVD
Uniprot ID:
Q3SZI8
Molecular weight:
46498.0
Enzyme Details
13. Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Involved in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and the regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis (By similarity). Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling.
Gene Name:
TXNRD2
Uniprot ID:
Q9N2I8
Molecular weight:
54670.0
Enzyme Details
14. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
General function:
Involved in oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase
Specific function:
Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX.
Gene Name:
PPOX
Uniprot ID:
P56602
Molecular weight:
50612.0
Enzyme Details
15. Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
TXNRD1
Uniprot ID:
O62768
Molecular weight:
54770.0
Enzyme Details
16. Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
General function:
Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species.
Gene Name:
XDH
Uniprot ID:
P80457
Molecular weight:
146790.0
Enzyme Details
17. D-aspartate oxidase
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
DDO
Uniprot ID:
P31228
Molecular weight:
37660.0
Enzyme Details
18. Aldehyde oxidase 1
General function:
Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N-methylphthalazinium and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the reduction of nitrite to NO with NADH or aldehyde as electron donor. May play a role in adipogenesis.
Gene Name:
AOX1
Uniprot ID:
P48034
Molecular weight:
147611.0
Enzyme Details
19. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Involved in pyrimidine base degradation. Catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine.
Gene Name:
DPYD
Uniprot ID:
Q28007
Molecular weight:
111697.0
Enzyme Details
20. Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is one of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases that catalyze the first step of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation, an aerobic process breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA and allowing the production of energy from fats. The first step of fatty acid beta-oxidation consists in the removal of one hydrogen from C-2 and C-3 of the straight-chain fatty acyl-CoA thioester, resulting in the formation of trans-2-enoyl-CoA (By similarity). Among the different mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase acts specifically on acyl-CoAs with saturated 4 to 6 carbons long primary chains (PubMed:6712627).
Gene Name:
ACADS
Uniprot ID:
Q3ZBF6
Molecular weight:
44552.0
Enzyme Details
21. D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate to alpha-ketoglutarate.
Gene Name:
D2HGDH
Uniprot ID:
Q1JPD3
Molecular weight:
59056.0
Enzyme Details
22. NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1
General function:
Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Specific function:
NADH-cytochrome b5 reductases are involved in desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and, in erythrocyte, methemoglobin reduction.
Gene Name:
CYB5R1
Uniprot ID:
Q3MHW9
Molecular weight:
33861.0
Enzyme Details
23. Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 2
General function:
Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Specific function:
Probable oxidoreductase.
Gene Name:
PYROXD2
Uniprot ID:
Q3MHH6
Molecular weight:
62987.0
Enzyme Details
24. Flavin-containing monooxygenase
General function:
Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
FMO2
Uniprot ID:
Q0P566
Molecular weight:
47665.0
Enzyme Details
25. Truncated flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
General function:
Involved in FAD binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
FMO3
Uniprot ID:
Q8HYK2
Molecular weight:
2519.0
Enzyme Details
26. Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Active toward esters of long-chain and very long chain fatty acids such as palmitoyl-CoA, myristoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA. Can accommodate substrate acyl chain lengths as long as 24 carbons, but shows little activity for substrates of less than 12 carbons.
Gene Name:
ACADVL
Uniprot ID:
P48818
Molecular weight:
70649.0
Enzyme Details
27. Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase specific for acyl chain lengths of 4 to 16 that catalyzes the initial step of fatty acid beta-oxidation. Utilizes the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) as an electron acceptor to transfer electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase).
Gene Name:
ACADM
Uniprot ID:
Q3SZB4
Molecular weight:
46573.0
Enzyme Details
28. NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial
General function:
Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Gene Name:
NDUFA10
Uniprot ID:
P34942
Molecular weight:
39264.0
Enzyme Details
29. Hydroxyproline dehydrogenase
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Dehydrogenase that converts trans-4-L-hydroxyproline to delta-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate (Hyp) using ubiquinone-10 as the terminal electron acceptor. Can also use proline as a substrate but with a very much lower efficiency. Does not react with other diastereomers of Hyp: trans-4-D-hydroxyproline and cis-4-L-hydroxyproline. Ubiquininone analogs such as menadione, duroquinone and ubiquinone-1 react more efficiently than oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor during catalysis.
Gene Name:
PRODH2
Uniprot ID:
A6QQ74
Molecular weight:
51262.0
Enzyme Details
30. NADPH oxidase 4
General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
Not Available
Uniprot ID:
Q6V1P7
Molecular weight:
59904.0
Enzyme Details
31. Lactate dehydrogenase D
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
LDHD
Uniprot ID:
Q148K4
Molecular weight:
54955.0
Enzyme Details
32. Dihydrouridine synthase 1-like (S. cerevisiae)
General function:
Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
DUS1L
Uniprot ID:
A0JNQ2
Molecular weight:
29871.0
Enzyme Details
33. Ubiquinone biosynthesis monooxygenase COQ6, mitochondrial
General function:
Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Specific function:
FAD-dependent monooxygenase required for the C5-ring hydroxylation during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3-polyprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The electrons required for the hydroxylation reaction may be funneled indirectly from NADPH via a ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase system to COQ6.
Gene Name:
COQ6
Uniprot ID:
Q2KIL4
Molecular weight:
51072.0
Enzyme Details
34. NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, mitochondrial
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Serves as the first electron transfer protein in all the mitochondrial P450 systems including cholesterol side chain cleavage in all steroidogenic tissues, steroid 11-beta hydroxylation in the adrenal cortex, 25-OH-vitamin D3-24 hydroxylation in the kidney, and sterol C-27 hydroxylation in the liver.
Gene Name:
FDXR
Uniprot ID:
P08165
Molecular weight:
54338.0
Enzyme Details
35. Succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
SDHA
Uniprot ID:
A7E3V1
Molecular weight:
72933.0
Enzyme Details
36. Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
General function:
Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
FMO3
Uniprot ID:
Q8HYK1
Molecular weight:
11349.0
Enzyme Details
37. NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial
General function:
Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Specific function:
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Gene Name:
NDUFA9
Uniprot ID:
P34943
Molecular weight:
42849.0
Enzyme Details
38. Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
General function:
Involved in FAD binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
FMO3
Uniprot ID:
Q8HYK4
Molecular weight:
5588.0
Enzyme Details
39. L-gulonolactone oxidase
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Oxidizes L-gulono-1,4-lactone to hydrogen peroxide and L-xylo-hexulonolactone which spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate.
Gene Name:
GULO
Uniprot ID:
Q3ZC33
Molecular weight:
50282.0
Enzyme Details
40. FAD-dependent oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 1
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Required for the assembly of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I). Involved in mid-late stages of complex I assembly.
Gene Name:
FOXRED1
Uniprot ID:
Q5EA45
Molecular weight:
54082.0
Enzyme Details
41. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine (By similarity).
Gene Name:
MAOB
Uniprot ID:
P56560
Molecular weight:
58421.0
Enzyme Details
42. Oxidoreductase NAD-binding domain-containing protein 1
General function:
Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
OXNAD1
Uniprot ID:
Q58DM7
Molecular weight:
34597.0
Enzyme Details
43. Acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 9
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ACAD9
Uniprot ID:
A5D974
Molecular weight:
68208.0
Enzyme Details
44. Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Has greatest activity toward short branched chain acyl-CoA derivative such as (s)-2-methylbutyryl-CoA, isobutyryl-CoA, and 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA as well as toward short straight chain acyl-CoAs such as butyryl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA. Can use valproyl-CoA as substrate and may play a role in controlling the metabolic flux of valproic acid in the development of toxicity of this agent (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ACADSB
Uniprot ID:
Q5EAD4
Molecular weight:
47123.0
Enzyme Details
45. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
A NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase involved in cellular oxidative stress response. At the plasma membrane, catalyzes reduction of coenzyme Q/ubiquinone-10 to ubiquinol-10, a lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidant that prevents lipid oxidative damage and consequently ferroptosis. Cooperates with GPX4 to suppress phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. This anti-ferroptotic function is independent of cellular glutathione levels. May play a role in mitochondrial stress signaling. Upon oxidative stress, associates with the lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) forming a lipid adduct devoid of oxidoreductase activity, which then translocates from mitochondria into the nucleus triggering DNA damage and cell death. Capable of DNA binding in a non-sequence specific way.
Gene Name:
AIFM2
Uniprot ID:
A5PJM4
Molecular weight:
40477.0
Enzyme Details
46. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Gene Name:
MAOA
Uniprot ID:
P21398
Molecular weight:
59758.0
Enzyme Details
47. Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
General function:
Involved in FAD binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
FMO3
Uniprot ID:
Q8HYK3
Molecular weight:
6318.0
Enzyme Details
48. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 11
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ACAD11
Uniprot ID:
Q0P5G8
Molecular weight:
87728.0
Enzyme Details
49. NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase
General function:
Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
Specific function:
This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5.
Gene Name:
POR
Uniprot ID:
Q3SYT8
Molecular weight:
77021.0
Enzyme Details
50. Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase which catalyzes one of the steps of the valine catabolic pathway. To a lesser extent, is also able to catalyze the oxidation of (2S)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.
Gene Name:
ACAD8
Uniprot ID:
Q0NXR6
Molecular weight:
45307.0

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