Showing metabocard for Oxygen (BMDB0001377)

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of C19 androgens, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) and testosterone to the C18 estrogens, estrone and estradiol, respectively. Catalyzes three successive oxidations of C19 androgens: two conventional oxidations at C19 yielding 19-hydroxy and 19-oxo/19-aldehyde derivatives, followed by a third oxidative aromatization step that involves C1-beta hydrogen abstraction combined with cleavage of the C10-C19 bond to yield a phenolic A ring and formic acid. Alternatively, the third oxidative reaction yields a 19-norsteroid and formic acid. Converts dihydrotestosterone to delta1,10-dehydro 19-nordihydrotestosterone and may play a role in homeostasis of this potent androgen. Also displays 2-hydroxylase activity toward estrone. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase).

Gene Name:

CYP19A1

Uniprot ID:

P46194

Molecular weight:

58090.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of adrenal corticoids. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon hydrogen bond at 11-beta position of 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone/21-hydroxyprogesterone yielding cortisol or corticosterone, respectively. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate and reducing the second into a water molecule. Two electrons are provided by NADPH via a two-protein mitochondrial transfer system comprising flavoprotein FDXR (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin reductase) and nonheme iron-sulfur protein FDX1 or FDX2 (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin).

Gene Name:

CYP11B1

Uniprot ID:

P15150

Molecular weight:

57847.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Heme-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the L-tryptophan (L-Trp) pyrrole ring and converts L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine. Catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the indole moiety.

Gene Name:

TDO2

Uniprot ID:

Q2KIQ5

Molecular weight:

47708.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in sterol biosynthesis. Catalyzes 14-alpha demethylation of lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol likely through sequential oxidative conversion of 14-alpha methyl group to hydroxymethyl, then to carboxylaldehyde, followed by the formation of the delta 14,15 double bond in the sterol core and concomitant release of formic acid. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase).

Gene Name:

CYP51A1

Uniprot ID:

Q4PJW3

Molecular weight:

56596.0

Reactions

General function:

Inorganic ion transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells.

Gene Name:

CAT

Uniprot ID:

P00432

Molecular weight:

59915.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.

Gene Name:

CYP3A28

Uniprot ID:

P79102

Molecular weight:

58152.0

Reactions

General function:

Inorganic ion transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets.

Gene Name:

NOS3

Uniprot ID:

P29473

Molecular weight:

133287.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the isomerization of prostaglandin H2 to prostacyclin (= prostaglandin I2).

Gene Name:

PTGIS

Uniprot ID:

Q29626

Molecular weight:

56629.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in electron carrier activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

SUOX

Uniprot ID:

Q3MHX0

Molecular weight:

60501.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in corticoid and androgen biosynthesis. Catalyzes 17-alpha hydroxylation of C21 steroids, which is common for both pathways. A second oxidative step, required only for androgen synthesis, involves an acyl-carbon cleavage. The 17-alpha hydroxy intermediates, as part of adrenal glucocorticoids biosynthesis pathway, are precursors of cortisol. Hydroxylates steroid hormones, pregnenolone and progesterone to form 17-alpha hydroxy metabolites, followed by the cleavage of the C17-C20 bond to form C19 steroids, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Has 16-alpha hydroxylase activity. Catalyzes 16-alpha hydroxylation of 17-alpha hydroxy pregnenolone, followed by the cleavage of the C17-C20 bond to form 16-alpha-hydroxy DHEA. Also 16-alpha hydroxylates androgens, relevant for estriol synthesis. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase).

Gene Name:

CYP17A1

Uniprot ID:

P05185

Molecular weight:

57244.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.

Gene Name:

CYP2D14

Uniprot ID:

Q01361

Molecular weight:

56083.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and its conjugates. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase). Acts as an omega and omega-1 hydroxylase for arachidonic acid and possibly for other long chain fatty acids. May modulate the arachidonic acid signaling pathway and play a role in other fatty acid signaling processes. May downregulate the biological activities of N-arachidonoyl-serotonin, an endocannabinoid that has anti-nociceptive effects through inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase FAAH, TRPV1 receptor and T-type calcium channels. Catalyzes C-2 oxidation of the indole ring of N-arachidonoyl-serotonin forming a less active product 2-oxo-N-arachidonoyl-serotonin.

Gene Name:

CYP2U1

Uniprot ID:

Q0IIF9

Molecular weight:

61997.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the side-chain hydroxylation and cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the precursor of most steroid hormones (PubMed:11412116). Catalyzes three sequential oxidation reactions of cholesterol, namely the hydroxylation at C22 followed with the hydroxylation at C20 to yield 20R,22R-hydroxycholesterol that is further cleaved between C20 and C22 to yield the C21-steroid pregnenolone and 4-methylpentanal (PubMed:11412116). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate and reducing the second into a water molecule. Two electrons are provided by NADPH via a two-protein mitochondrial transfer system comprising flavoprotein FDXR (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin reductase) and nonheme iron-sulfur protein FDX1 or FDX2 (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin) (PubMed:11412116).

Gene Name:

CYP11A1

Uniprot ID:

P00189

Molecular weight:

60333.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Specifically catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids. Required for the adrenal synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids.

Gene Name:

CYP21

Uniprot ID:

P00191

Molecular weight:

56077.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates fatty acids specifically at the omega-1 position displaying the highest catalytic activity for saturated fatty acids. May be involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics.

Gene Name:

CYP2E1

Uniprot ID:

O18963

Molecular weight:

56827.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Cell adhesion protein that participates in lymphocyte recirculation by mediating the binding of lymphocytes to peripheral lymph node vascular endothelial cells in an L-selectin-independent fashion. Has a monoamine oxidase activity (By similarity).

Gene Name:

AOC3

Uniprot ID:

Q9TTK6

Molecular weight:

84500.0

Reactions

General function:

Inorganic ion transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Together with MRPL18, acts as a mitochondrial import factor for the cytosolic 5S rRNA. Only the nascent unfolded cytoplasmic form is able to bind to the 5S rRNA (By similarity). Formation of iron-sulfur complexes and cyanide detoxification. Binds molecular oxygen and sulfur.

Gene Name:

TST

Uniprot ID:

P00586

Molecular weight:

33296.0

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the oxidation of either pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) into pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP).

Gene Name:

PNPO

Uniprot ID:

Q5E9K3

Molecular weight:

30366.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in inositol oxygenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

MIOX

Uniprot ID:

A7MBE4

Molecular weight:

32973.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase

Specific function:

Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX.

Gene Name:

PPOX

Uniprot ID:

P56602

Molecular weight:

50612.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

DDO

Uniprot ID:

P31228

Molecular weight:

37660.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Converts trimethyllysine (TML) into hydroxytrimethyllysine (HTML).

Gene Name:

TMLHE

Uniprot ID:

Q0VC74

Molecular weight:

49837.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in copper ion binding

Specific function:

Conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline.

Gene Name:

DBH

Uniprot ID:

P15101

Molecular weight:

68141.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in copper ion binding

Specific function:

This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine. In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone.

Gene Name:

TYR

Uniprot ID:

Q8MIU0

Molecular weight:

60304.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in copper ion binding

Specific function:

Plays a role in melanin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) into indole-5,6-quinone-2-carboxylic acid. May regulate or influence the type of melanin synthesized. Also to a lower extent, capable of hydroxylating tyrosine and producing melanin.

Gene Name:

TYRP1

Uniprot ID:

Q8WN57

Molecular weight:

60617.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the oxidative ring opening of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, which spontaneously cyclizes to quinolinate.

Gene Name:

HAAO

Uniprot ID:

Q0VCA8

Molecular weight:

32493.0

Reactions

General function:

Nucleotide transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N-methylphthalazinium and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the reduction of nitrite to NO with NADH or aldehyde as electron donor. May play a role in adipogenesis.

Gene Name:

AOX1

Uniprot ID:

P48034

Molecular weight:

147611.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in cysteine dioxygenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CDO1

Uniprot ID:

Q3SZU4

Molecular weight:

23013.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Key enzyme in the degradation of tyrosine.

Gene Name:

HPD

Uniprot ID:

Q5EA20

Molecular weight:

44963.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase activity

Specific function:

Non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase that catalyzes the stereo-specific peroxidation of free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating a spectrum of bioactive lipid mediators. Converts arachidonic acid into 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/12-HPETE and 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/15-HPETE. Also converts linoleic acid to 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid. May also act on (12S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/(12S)-HPETE to produce hepoxilin A3. Probably plays an important role in the immune and inflammatory responses. Through the oxygenation of membrane-bound phosphatidylethanolamine in macrophages may favor clearance of apoptotic cells during inflammation by resident macrophages and prevent an autoimmune response associated with the clearance of apoptotic cells by inflammatory monocytes. In parallel, may regulate actin polymerization which is crucial for several biological processes, including macrophage function. May also regulate macrophage function through regulation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway. Finally, it is also involved in the cellular response to IL13/interleukin-13. In addition to its role in the immune and inflammatory responses, may play a role in epithelial wound healing in the cornea maybe through production of lipoxin A4. May also play a role in endoplasmic reticulum stress response and the regulation of bone mass.

Gene Name:

ALOX15

Uniprot ID:

P27479

Molecular weight:

75124.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in iron ion binding

Specific function:

Converts phytanoyl-CoA to 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA.

Gene Name:

PHYH

Uniprot ID:

O18778

Molecular weight:

38770.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in iron ion binding

Specific function:

Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins.

Gene Name:

P4HA3

Uniprot ID:

Q75UG4

Molecular weight:

61023.0

Reactions

General function:

Coenzyme transport and metabolism

Specific function:

FAD-dependent monooxygenase required for the C5-ring hydroxylation during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3-polyprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The electrons required for the hydroxylation reaction may be funneled indirectly from NADPH via a ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase system to COQ6.

Gene Name:

COQ6

Uniprot ID:

Q2KIL4

Molecular weight:

51072.0

Reactions

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Gene Name:

MAOA

Uniprot ID:

P21398

Molecular weight:

59758.0

Reactions

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Critical isomerohydrolase in the retinoid cycle involved in regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rod and cone opsins. Catalyzes the cleavage and isomerization of all-trans-retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol which is further oxidized by 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase to 11-cis-retinal for use as visual chromophore (PubMed:16096063, PubMed:19805034, PubMed:20100834). Essential for the production of 11-cis retinal for both rod and cone photoreceptors. Also capable of catalyzing the isomerization of lutein to meso-zeaxanthin an eye-specific carotenoid (By similarity). The soluble form binds vitamin A (all-trans-retinol), making it available for LRAT processing to all-trans-retinyl ester. The membrane form, palmitoylated by LRAT, binds all-trans-retinyl esters, making them available for IMH (isomerohydrolase) processing to all-cis-retinol. The soluble form is regenerated by transferring its palmitoyl groups onto 11-cis-retinol, a reaction catalyzed by LRAT (PubMed:15186777).

Gene Name:

RPE65

Uniprot ID:

Q28175

Molecular weight:

60944.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in heme binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

Q865L4

Molecular weight:

3800.0

General function:

Energy production and conversion

Specific function:

Involved in oxygen transport in the brain. Hexacoordinate globin, displaying competitive binding of oxygen or the distal His residue to the iron atom. Not capable of penetrating cell membranes (By similarity).

Gene Name:

NGB

Uniprot ID:

Q6WZ19

Molecular weight:

16904.0

General function:

Involved in heme binding

Specific function:

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.

Gene Name:

HBB

Uniprot ID:

P02070

Molecular weight:

15954.0

General function:

Involved in heme binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

HBM

Uniprot ID:

A1A4Q3

Molecular weight:

15937.0

General function:

Involved in heme binding

Specific function:

Hemoglobin epsilon chain is a beta-type chain found in early embryos.

Gene Name:

HBE2

Uniprot ID:

P06642

Molecular weight:

16535.0

General function:

Involved in heme binding

Specific function:

Hemoglobin epsilon chain is a beta-type chain found in early embryos.

Gene Name:

HBE4

Uniprot ID:

P06643

Molecular weight:

16514.0

General function:

Involved in heme binding

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

HBQ1

Uniprot ID:

A1A4Q7

Molecular weight:

15484.0

General function:

Involved in heme binding

Specific function:

Serves as a reserve supply of oxygen and facilitates the movement of oxygen within muscles.

Gene Name:

MB

Uniprot ID:

P02192

Molecular weight:

17078.0

General function:

Involved in heme binding

Specific function:

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

P02081

Molecular weight:

15859.0

General function:

Involved in heme binding

Specific function:

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.

Gene Name:

HBA

Uniprot ID:

P01966

Molecular weight:

15184.0

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

IL4I1

Uniprot ID:

F1N191

Molecular weight:

64479.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ADO

Uniprot ID:

G3MZK0

Molecular weight:

25878.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

HGD

Uniprot ID:

B8YB76

Molecular weight:

49997.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

MSMO1

Uniprot ID:

A6H7G3

Molecular weight:

35061.0

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

SC5D

Uniprot ID:

Q3SYX8

Molecular weight:

23318.0

Reactions